Genome Sequences of Novel Members of Previously Described DNA and RNA Virus Families, Isolated from Feces of a Drill Monkey in Nigeria

Abstract

The genomes of seven novel members of previously described DNA and RNA virus families are described here. These viruses were recovered using a viral metagenomic approach from the stool of a drill monkey (Mandrillus leucophaeus) housed in a sanctuary in Cross River State, Nigeria.

Investigating the Diversity and Host Range of Novel Parvoviruses from North American Ducks Using Epidemiology, Phylogenetics, Genome Structure, and Codon Usage Analysis

“…This formed another highly supported clade with members of the genus Scindoambidensovirus , its closest related group of viruses. Within the protoambidensoviruses, sequences found during metagenomic analyses of samples from birds (indicated by an empty red circle) and a drill monkey living in a wildlife sanctuary in Nigeria [ 43 ] (empty black circle) were also included and DAADs (full red circles) were the closest to the root of the clade.…”

“…However, while the phylogenetic placement of the DAC sequences within a clade that is dominated by avian viruses within a genus that includes many vertebrate viruses, some of which even proven to be pathogenic [ 47 , 48 ], clearly points towards ducks as DAC hosts, such a clear conclusion cannot be made for DAAD. Densoviruses are frequently identified during metagenomic investigations of samples collected from vertebrates [ 43 , 44 , 49 ], including human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid [ 50 , 51 ], and some of the densoviruses genetically close to DAAD were also vertebrate-associated as they were detected in fecal specimens of birds, monkeys, and bats [ 43 , 44 ]. However, dipteran and lepidopteran viruses were also included in the same clade as DAAD and no proof exists that densoviruses can replicate in vertebrate hosts.…”

Circoviridae Survey in Captive Non-Human Primates, Italy

“…Identification of viruses belonging to the family Circoviridae in NHPs has been documented [ 19 , 24 , 25 ]. In this study, we applied a Pan-Rep nested PCR protocol [ 19 ] to screen 96 samples, including serum (n = 24), salivary (n = 24) and fecal (n = 48) specimens collected from 48 NHPs housed in two different settings in Lazio (collection A) and Toscana (collection B).…”

“…Furthermore, four novel Cyclovirus species, genetically unrelated to other CyV strains identified in humans and farm animals, were detected in 14.0% (6/44) of the samples assessed [ 19 ]. More recently, taking advantage of high-throughput sequencing technologies and the metagenomic approach for virus discovery, novel CyVs have been identified in the stools of a drill monkey ( Mandrillus leucophaeus ) housed in a sanctuary in Cross River State (Nigeria) [ 24 ] and in salivary swabs from chimpanzees housed in two sanctuaries in the Republic of Congo and Uganda [ 25 ]. Overall, based on the available literature, genetically diverse circoviruses, for which cross-species transmission seems plausible, were identified in two different NHP species [ 19 , 24 , 25 ].…”

“…More recently, taking advantage of high-throughput sequencing technologies and the metagenomic approach for virus discovery, novel CyVs have been identified in the stools of a drill monkey ( Mandrillus leucophaeus ) housed in a sanctuary in Cross River State (Nigeria) [ 24 ] and in salivary swabs from chimpanzees housed in two sanctuaries in the Republic of Congo and Uganda [ 25 ]. Overall, based on the available literature, genetically diverse circoviruses, for which cross-species transmission seems plausible, were identified in two different NHP species [ 19 , 24 , 25 ]. However, the relevance of the detection of these viruses in the NHPs population in terms of epidemiology, animal conservation, and zoonotic potential remains unclear.…”