Genome Sequences of Three Koi Herpesvirus Isolates Representing the Expanding Distribution of an Emerging Disease Threatening Koi and Common Carp Worldwide

Aoki, Takashi; Hirono, Ikuo; Kurokawa, Ken; Fukuda, Hideo; Nahary, Ronen; Eldar, Avi; Davison, Andrew J.; Waltzek, Thomas B.; Bercovier, Hervé; Hedrick, Ronald P.

doi:10.1128/jvi.00146-07

Cited by 237 publications

(281 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Independently nested PCRs obtained from 3 different sturgeon PCRs were analysed. The nucleotide sequences analysed here cover nt 165465-165878 of the published KHV-I sequence (DQ 177346; Aoki et al 2007). All products were composed of the same sequence and were 100% identical to the respective region of the published KHV-I and KHV-U (Aoki et al 2007) sequence.…”

Section: Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Koi Herpes Virus: Do Acipenserid Restitution Programs Pose a Threat to Carp Farms in the Disease-Free Zones?

Kempter¹,

Sadowski²,

Schütze³

et al. 2009

Acta Icth et Piscat

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Background. Sturgeons have long been extinct in Polish inland waters. A substantial effort has recently been put into their restitution, covering the drainage areas of two major Polish rivers, the Oder and the Vistula. The stocked fishes are clinically healthy, but very little is known about their potential to transmit viral diseases including koi herpes virus (KHV) to healthy fishes of other species, which may pose a threat to the disease-free zones. This study was intended to determine if sturgeons could be asymptomatic carriers of KHV. Materials and Methods. A total of 29 sturgeons (two species; length 8-37 cm) originating from fish farms in northern Poland with a known KHV history in common carp or koi in the area were examined: 15 Russian sturgeons, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, with clinical signs of a disease and 14 asymptomatic Atlantic sturgeons, A. oxyrinchus. The former were sent to the laboratory alive while the latter were sent fixed in ethanol. As it is required for detection of a latent KHV infection in acipenserids, two independent procedures were applied. The preliminary results were obtained using PCR. Those findings were subsequently confirmation by nested PCR. The latter procedure consists of sequence analysis of PCR products and direct detection of KHV infected cells in tissue materials by in-situ hybridization on nucleic acid level or indirect immunofluorescence on KHV protein level. Results. KHV genome parts were found in nine Russian sturgeons and four Atlantic sturgeons. Comparison of PCR results obtained from three primer pairs used for KHV diagnostic in sturgeon showed that those designed by Bercovier et al. were most sensitive and robust for this purpose. In order to confirm the presence of viral particles the most useful method was in-situ hybridization (ISH), allowing the detection of KHV in gill samples obtained from live sturgeons.Conclusion. This preliminary study shows that sturgeons can be carriers of KHV. Therefore a viral diagnostics is highly recommended not only for sturgeons obtained from the environment but also for fertilized eggs, fry, and fish intended for re-stocking measurements of inland waters.

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Section: Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Koi Herpes Virus: Do Acipenserid Restitution Programs Pose a Threat to Carp Farms in the Disease-Free Zones?

Kempter¹,

Sadowski²,

Schütze³

et al. 2009

Acta Icth et Piscat

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“…The genome encodes 156 potential protein coding open reading frames (ORFs). Of these, 8 ORFs are encoded by the repeat regions and are consequently present as two copies in the genome [3]. Homologs of ORF2, tumor necrosis factor receptor, ORF22, ORF25, and RING families are present in the genome.…”

Section: Viral Genomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Israel and USA strains (U/I) are more closely related to each other than to the Japan strain (J) [3]. There is a third genotype which is intermediate between the J and U/I lineages [9].…”

Section: Genotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Structural proteins consists of capsid (3), envelope (13), tegument (2) and unclassified (22) structural proteins [51]. ORF092 and ORF136 are predicted to encode a major capsid protein (MCP) and a First reported occurrence of KHV [34] viral envelope protein, respectively [3,51]. ORF81 encodes a highly immunogenic type 3 membrane protein expressed on the envelope of CyHV-3 [70].…”

Section: Proteomic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Koi Herpes Virus: A Review and Risk Assessment of Indian Aquaculture

et al. 2012

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Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a widely cultivated freshwater fish for human consumption, while koi carp, is a farmed colored sub species of common carp used for ornamental purposes. Since 1998, both common carp and koi carp are severely affected by a viral disease called as Koi herpes virus disease (KHVD). This disease is caused by Koi herpes virus (KHV), also known as cyprinid herpes virus-3. The virus causes interstitial nephritis and gill necrosis in carps, so it is also termed as carp interstitial nephritis and gill necrosis virus. KHV is a double stranded icosahedral DNA virus belonging to family Alloherpesviridae, with a genome size of 295 kbp, larger than any member of Herpesviridae. The viral genome encodes 156 potential protein coding open reading frames. Each virion consists of forty structural proteins, which are classified as capsid (3), envelope (13), tegument (2) and unclassified (22) structural proteins. Diagnosis of KHVD is mainly based on detection of viral DNA by polymerase chain reaction amplification using specific primers or loop mediated isothermal amplification. Temperature dependent latent infection is unique to KHV; and carrier fish are often not detected, thereby possibly resulting in spread of this pathogen to newer areas. The disease is now known to occur in, or has been recorded from at least 26 different countries of the world. Fortunately, KHVD has not been reported from India or from Indian major carps. To monitor the disease status of the country, a total of 254 fish samples collected from different parts of India were screened by PCR for the presence of KHV. None of the tested samples were found to be positive for KHV. These results demonstrate that tested samples from different parts of India were apparently free from KHV. Preliminary risk assessment of KHV suggest that in the event of unrestricted importation of koi carps into our country, there is a higher probability of risk to aquaculture as compared to natural waters. So there is strong need to develop diagnostic capabilities and launch surveillance programmes for KHV in India.

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“…Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), is also 77 known as koi herpesvirus, was described from common and koi carp [13]. The complete 78 genome sequence of the above mentioned cypriniviruses and that of the Anguillid herpesvirus 79 1 (AngHV-1) was determined [1, 5, 24]. 80…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection of a putatively novel cyprinid herpesvirus in sichel (Pelecus cultratus) during a mass mortality event in Hungary

et al. 2015

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Summary. In the early summer of 2014, mass mortality of Sichel (Pelecus cultratus) was 34 observed in Lake Balaton, Hungary. Histological examination revealed degenerative changes 35 within the tubular epithelium, mainly in the distal tubules and collecting ducts in the kidneys 36 and multifocal vacuolisation in the brain stem and cerebellum. The routine molecular 37 investigations showed the presence of the DNA of an unknown alloherpesvirus in some 38 specimens. Subsequently, three genes were amplified and sequenced partially from the 39 putative herpesviral genome (DNA polymerase, terminase, and helicase). Phylogenetic tree 40 reconstruction, based on the concatenated sequence of these three conserved genes, implied 41 that the virus undoubtedly belongs to the genus Cyprinivirus within the family 42Alloherpesviridae. The sequences of the Sichel herpesvirus differ markedly from those of the 43 three known cypriniviruses (CyHV-1, CyHV-2 and CyHV-3); putatively representing the 44 fourth virus species in the genus. (CyHV-2), originally described as goldfish haematopoietic necrosis virus, was isolated also in 76Japan from goldfish (Carassius auratus) [15]. Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), is also 77 known as koi herpesvirus, was described from common and koi carp [13]. The complete 78 genome sequence of the above mentioned cypriniviruses and that of the Anguillid herpesvirus 79 1 (AngHV-1) was determined [1, 5, 24]. 80During the early summer of 2014, mass mortality occurred among Sichel in Lake 81Balaton (Hungary), approximately 20.000 cadavers were collected by fishermen, other species 82were not affected. The present study was aimed at genetically characterizing a novel 83 alloherpesvirus (AHV) detected in Sichel. 84Cadavers of six Sichel were sent to our laboratory (64.5-149.7 g) for histopathological 85 and molecular investigations. All cadavers were necropsied immediately after arrival with 86 routine tissue collection from the main organ systems (gills, brain, liver, kidney, spleen, 87 intestine and eyes) for histopathological examination. Tissues were fixed in 10% neutral 88 buffered formalin, routinely processed, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at approximately 5 89 micrometer, mounted on glass slides, and stained with hematoxilin and eosin. The exterior 90 mucus, gills and eyes were sampled for parasite examination through an optical microscope. 91For bacteria isolation, kidney tissue was inoculated onto blood agar plates. 92For the molecular investigations organ samples were homogenized using 93 the TissueLyser high-throughput disruption instrument (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) according 94 to the manufacturer's recommendations. 200 µL of supernatants from organ homogenates 95 were extracted using the Roche MagNA Pure LC automated system with a Total Nucleic Acid 96Isolation Kit (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) and eluted in 100 µL of elution buffer. 97Subsequently, the samples were tested for the presence of CyHV-3 with an expansively used 98 PCR for the detection of cyprinid HVs [10]. 99 4 After real...

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Genome Sequences of Three Koi Herpesvirus Isolates Representing the Expanding Distribution of an Emerging Disease Threatening Koi and Common Carp Worldwide

Cited by 237 publications

References 34 publications

Koi Herpes Virus: Do Acipenserid Restitution Programs Pose a Threat to Carp Farms in the Disease-Free Zones?

Koi Herpes Virus: Do Acipenserid Restitution Programs Pose a Threat to Carp Farms in the Disease-Free Zones?

Koi Herpes Virus: A Review and Risk Assessment of Indian Aquaculture

Molecular detection of a putatively novel cyprinid herpesvirus in sichel (Pelecus cultratus) during a mass mortality event in Hungary

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