Genome Sequences of Three Vaccine Strains and Two Wild-Type Canine Distemper Virus Strains from a Recent Disease Outbreak in South Africa

Loots, Angelina K.; Plessis, Morné Du; Dalton, Desiré L.; Mitchell, Emily; Venter, Estelle Hildegard

doi:10.1128/genomea.00603-17

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our data do not address if the observed mutations in the noncanid strain were necessary for clinical infection in lions and hyenas. However, a CDV sequence recently published from a hyena in South Africa (Loots, Du Plessis, Dalton, Mitchell, & Venter, 2017) bears four of the seven amino acid substitutions that were observed in noncanids in SER in 1993–1994 (V‐G134S, H‐D178G, H‐R519I and Y549H). This is notable because (a) this is the first case of CDV in a hyena ever reported outside of the 1993–1994 outbreak in Serengeti National Park, and (b) the hyena sequence from South Africa belongs to a distinct and different lineage (Africa‐1) than the Serengeti sequences (Africa‐2) (Loots et al., 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a CDV sequence recently published from a hyena in South Africa (Loots, Du Plessis, Dalton, Mitchell, & Venter, 2017) bears four of the seven amino acid substitutions that were observed in noncanids in SER in 1993–1994 (V‐G134S, H‐D178G, H‐R519I and Y549H). This is notable because (a) this is the first case of CDV in a hyena ever reported outside of the 1993–1994 outbreak in Serengeti National Park, and (b) the hyena sequence from South Africa belongs to a distinct and different lineage (Africa‐1) than the Serengeti sequences (Africa‐2) (Loots et al., 2017). That the South African and East African sequences share rare mutations despite having very different genetic backgrounds overall supports that these mutations have functional significance in spotted hyena, and possibly African lion, clinical infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…National Park, and (b) the hyena sequence from South Africa belongs to a distinct and different lineage (Africa-1) than the Serengeti sequences (Africa-2) (Loots et al, 2017). That the South African and East African sequences share rare mutations despite having very different genetic backgrounds overall supports that these mutations have functional significance in spotted hyena, and possibly African lion, clinical infection.…”

Section: Evolution During the 1994 Outbreakmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Evolution During the 1994 Outbreakmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Cross‐species transmission and evolutionary dynamics of canine distemper virus during a spillover in African lions of Serengeti National Park

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The outcome of pathogen spillover from a reservoir to a novel host population can range from a “dead‐end” when there is no onward transmission in the recipient population, to epidemic spread and even establishment in new hosts. Understanding the evolutionary epidemiology of spillover events leading to discrete outcomes in novel hosts is key to predicting risk and can lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms of emergence. Here we use a Bayesian phylodynamic approach to examine cross‐species transmission and evolutionary dynamics during a canine distemper virus (CDV) spillover event causing clinical disease and population decline in an African lion population (Panthera leo) in the Serengeti Ecological Region between 1993 and 1994. Using 21 near‐complete viral genomes from four species we found that this large‐scale outbreak was likely ignited by a single cross‐species spillover event from a canid reservoir to noncanid hosts <1 year before disease detection and explosive spread of CDV in lions. Cross‐species transmission from other noncanid species probably fuelled the high prevalence of CDV across spatially structured lion prides. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) could have acted as the proximate source of CDV exposure in lions. We report 13 nucleotide substitutions segregating CDV strains found in canids and noncanids. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that virus evolution played a role in CDV emergence in noncanid hosts following spillover during the outbreak, suggest that host barriers to clinical infection can limit outcomes of CDV spillover in novel host species.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evolution During the 1994 Outbreakmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Evolution During the 1994 Outbreakmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cross‐species transmission and evolutionary dynamics of canine distemper virus during a spillover in African lions of Serengeti National Park

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nonetheless, the absence of this L variant in an apparent dead‐end lineage suggests the mutation could be important for enabling onward transmission within noncanids. Notably, 4 out of 7 of the nonsynonymous mutations were also shared with a CDV genome from South African hyaena (Loots et al., 2017), suggesting repeated parallel evolution of host tropism.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing genomics to trace the path of a viral outbreak in African lions

Kamath

2020

Molecular Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Predicting the emergence of novel infectious diseases requires an understanding of how pathogens infect and efficiently spread in alternative naïve hosts. A pathogen's ability to adapt to a new host (i.e. host shift) oftentimes is constrained by host phylogeny, due to limits in the molecular mechanisms available to overcome host‐specific immune defences (Longdon et al., 2014). Some pathogens, such as RNA viruses, however, have a propensity to jump hosts due to rapid mutation rates. For example, canine distemper virus (CDV) infects a broad range of terrestrial carnivores, as well as noncarnivore species worldwide, with a host range that is distributed across 5 orders and 22 families (Beineke et al., 2015). In 1993–1994, a severe CDV outbreak infected multiple carnivore host species in Serengeti National Park, causing widespread mortality and the subsequent decline of the African lion (Panthera leo) population (Roelke‐Parker et al., 1996). While previous studies established domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) as the disease reservoir, the precise route of transmission to lions remained a mystery, and a number of wild carnivore species could have facilitated viral evolution and spread. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Weckworth et al. (2020) used whole‐genome viral sequences obtained from four carnivore species during the CDV outbreak, in combination with epidemiological data, to illuminate the pathway and evolutionary mechanisms leading to disease emergence in Serengeti lions.

show abstract

Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a novel bacterium-like particle-based vaccine displaying canine distemper virus antigens in mice and dogs

Wang,

Liu,

Zong

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Canine distemper virus (CDV) poses a severe threat to both domesticated and wild animals, including multiple carnivores. With the continued expansion of its host range, there is an urgent need for the development of a safer and more effective vaccine. In this study, we developed subunit vaccines based on a bacterium-like particle (BLP) delivery platform containing BLPs-F and BLPs-H, which display the CDV F and H glycoprotein antigens, respectively, using the antigen-protein anchor fusions produced by a recombinant baculovirus insect cell expression system. The combination of BLPs-F and BLPs-H (CDV-BLPs), formulated with colloidal manganese salt [Mn jelly (MnJ)] adjuvant, triggered robust CDV-specific antibody responses and a substantial increase in the number of interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-secreting CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in mice. Dogs immunized intramuscularly with this vaccine not only produced CDV-specific IgG but also displayed elevated concentrations of IFN-γ and interleukin 6 in their serum, along with an increase of the CD3 + CD4 + and CD3 + CD8 + T cell subsets. Consequently, this heightened immune response provided effective protection against disease development and reduced viral shedding levels following challenge with a virulent strain. These findings suggest that this BLP-based subunit vaccine has the potential to become a novel canine distemper vaccine. IMPORTANCE Many sensitive species require a safe and effective distemper vaccine. Non-replicating vaccines are preferred. We constructed subunit particles displaying canine distemper virus (CDV) antigens based on a bacterium-like particle (BLP) delivery platform. The CDV-BLPs formulated with theMn jelly adjuvant induced robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to CDV in mice and dogs, thereby providing effective protection against a virulent virus challenge. This work is an important step in developing a CDV subunit vaccine.

show abstract

Genome Sequences of Three Vaccine Strains and Two Wild-Type Canine Distemper Virus Strains from a Recent Disease Outbreak in South Africa

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Cross‐species transmission and evolutionary dynamics of canine distemper virus during a spillover in African lions of Serengeti National Park

Cross‐species transmission and evolutionary dynamics of canine distemper virus during a spillover in African lions of Serengeti National Park

Harnessing genomics to trace the path of a viral outbreak in African lions

Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a novel bacterium-like particle-based vaccine displaying canine distemper virus antigens in mice and dogs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About