Genome size variation within<i>Crithmum maritimum</i>: Clues on the colonization of insular environments

Roxo, Guilherme; Brilhante, Miguel; Moura, Mónica; Sequeira, Miguel Menezes de; Silva, Luís; Costa, José Carlos; Vasconcelos, Raquel; Talhinhas, Pedro; Romeiras, Maria M.

doi:10.1002/ece3.10009

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 108 publications

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“…Therefore, as inferred in Cheirolophus ( Hidalgo et al . 2017 ) or in Crithmum maritimum L. ( Roxo et al 2023 ), the observed differences in genome size values among the continental A. arborescens and the Macaronesian Artemisia species could be better related to selection linked to insular condition (e.g. smaller genomes use fewer resources and show reduced genetic instability) than to the lineage divergence patterns of the group.…”

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confidence: 99%

Parallel anagenetic patterns in endemic Artemisia species from three Macaronesian archipelagos

Vitales,

Guerrero,

Garnatje

et al. 2023

AoB PLANTS

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Anagenetic speciation is an important mode of evolution in oceanic islands, yet relatively understudied compared to adaptive radiation. In the Macaronesian region, three closely-related species of Artemisia (i.e., A. argentea, A. thuscula and A. gorgonum) are each endemic from a single archipelago (i.e., Madeira, Canary Islands and Cape Verde, respectively), representing a perfect opportunity to study three similar but independent anagenetic speciation processes. By analysing plastid and nuclear DNA sequences, as well as nuclear DNA amount data, generated from a comprehensive sampling in all the islands and archipelagos where these species are currently distributed, we intend to find common evolutionary patterns that help us explain the limited taxonomic diversification experienced by endemic Macaronesian Artemisia. Our time-calibrated phylogenetic reconstruction suggested that divergence among the three lineages occurred in a coincidental short period of time during the Pleistocene. Haplotype and genetic differentiation analyses showed similar diversity values among A. argentea, A. thuscula and A. gorgonum. Clear phylogeographic patterns – showing comparable genetic structuring among groups of islands – were also found within the three archipelagos. Even from the cytogenetic point of view, the three species presented similarly lower genome size values compared to the mainland closely-related species A. arborescens. We hypothesize that the limited speciation experienced by the endemic Artemisia in Madeira, Canary Islands and Cape Verde archipelagos could be related to their recent parallel evolutionary histories as independent lineages, combined with certain shared characteristics of seed dispersal, pollen transport and type of habitat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel anagenetic patterns in endemic Artemisia species from three Macaronesian archipelagos

Vitales,

Guerrero,

Garnatje

et al. 2023

AoB PLANTS

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Evolutionary patterns of variations in chromosome counts and genome sizes show positive correlations with taxonomic diversity in tropical gingers

Xavier,

Yadav,

Gowda

2024

American J of Botany

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PremiseCytogenetic traits such as an organism's chromosome number and genome size are taxonomically critical as they are instrumental in defining angiosperm diversity. Variations in these traits can be traced to evolutionary processes such as polyploidization, although geographic variations across cytogenetic traits remain underexplored. In the pantropical monocot family Zingiberaceae (~1500 species), cytogenetic traits have been well documented; however, the role of these traits in shaping taxonomic diversity and biogeographic patterns of gingers is not known.MethodsA time‐calibrated Bayesian phylogenetic tree was constructed for 290 taxa covering three of the four subfamilies in Zingiberaceae. We tested models of chromosome number and genome size evolution within the family and whether lineage age, taxonomic diversity, and distributional range explain the variations in the cytogenetic traits. Tests were carried out at two taxonomic ranks: within Zingiberaceae and within genus Hedychium using correlations, generalized linear models and phylogenetic least square models.ResultsThe most frequent changes in chromosome number within Zingiberaceae were noted to be demi‐polyploidization and polyploidization (~57% of the time), followed by ascending dysploidy (~27%). The subfamily Zingiberoideae showed descending dysploidy at its base, while Alpinioideae showed polyploidization at its internal nodes. Although chromosome counts and genome sizes did not corroborate with each other, suggesting that they are not equivalent; higher chromosome number variations and higher genome size variations were associated with higher taxonomic diversity and wider biogeographic distribution.ConclusionsWithin Zingiberaceae, multiple incidences of polyploidization were discovered, and cytogenetic events appear to have reduced the genome sizes and increased taxonomic diversity, distributional ranges and invasiveness.

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Evaluation of direct and transgenerational influences of salinity on germination and early seedling growth in an edible halophyte, Crithmum maritimum

Martins-Noguerol,

Gallego-Tévar,

Pérez-Ramos

et al. 2024

Annals of Botany

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Background and Aims Crithmum maritimum is a wild, edible halophyte with large potential as a cash crop for salinized soils. However, the tolerance during seed germination appears to be highly site-specific and contradictory, whereas little is known on salinity tolerance during early seedling growth. This study was aimed at characterizing variation in the responses of germination and early seedling growth in diverse C. maritimum populations along the Iberian Southwest coast. Specifically, we sought to distinguish between direct salinity effects and those influenced by the salinity of maternal environments. Methods Physicochemical properties, including salinity of maternal environments, were assessed across diverse habitats. A total of 3480 seeds from 58 mother plants were utilized. Seeds were subjected to germination assays under various salinity treatments (0-500 mM NaCl), with subsequent monitoring of germination parameters. Non-germinated seeds were tested for recovery germination, and viability was assessed using the tetrazolium test. Of germinated seeds, 1160 seedlings were monitored for survival and early growth metrics. General Linear Models were employed to analyze the effects of salinity and maternal environmental influence on germination and early growth. Key Results Despite reduced and delayed germination under salinity, seeds showed remarkable tolerance up to 150 mM, surpassing prior reports, with consistent viability up to 500 mM, indicating substantial salinity-induced dormancy. Seedling growth was more sensitive to continued treatment; no plants survived above 150 mM. The salinity experienced by maternal plants had only a marginal effect on germination but significantly contributed to reduce seedling biomass production, both above and below ground. Conclusions This study highlights the significance of maternal salinity on early growth in C. maritimum, emphasizing the species' resilience to salt stress during germination and recovery. These insights are crucial for optimizing cultivation techniques and informing research on other halophytes in saline environments.

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Genome size variation withinCrithmum maritimum: Clues on the colonization of insular environments

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 4 publications

References 108 publications

Parallel anagenetic patterns in endemic Artemisia species from three Macaronesian archipelagos

Parallel anagenetic patterns in endemic Artemisia species from three Macaronesian archipelagos

Evolutionary patterns of variations in chromosome counts and genome sizes show positive correlations with taxonomic diversity in tropical gingers

Evaluation of direct and transgenerational influences of salinity on germination and early seedling growth in an edible halophyte, Crithmum maritimum

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