Genome structure and dynamics of the yeast pathogen Candida glabrata

Ahmad, Khadija Mohamed; Kokošar, Janez; Guo, Xiaoxian; Gu, Zhenglong; Ishchuk, Olena P.; Piškur, Jure

doi:10.1111/1567-1364.12145

Cited by 46 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 58 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…; Ahmad et al . ). Therefore, the presence of C. glabrata may be attributed to a human‐borne contamination during harvesting, transporting and marketing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Multifragment melting analysis of yeast species isolated from spoiled fruits

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…; Ahmad et al . ). Therefore, the presence of C. glabrata may be attributed to a human‐borne contamination during harvesting, transporting and marketing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Four isolates recovered from sour cherry samples were identified as C. glabrata. It is regarded as human commensal and can be commonly recovered from oral cavities (Fidel et al 1999;Ahmad et al 2014). Therefore, the presence of C. glabrata may be attributed to a human-borne contamination during harvesting, transporting and marketing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifragment melting analysis of yeast species isolated from spoiled fruits

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…4), similar to other related fungi. 45,49,50 Karyotype variation between different strains of the same species is common in fungi, and it has been proposed as a quick solution for adaptation to environmental changes. This variation of genome organization can take on different expressions, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CNVs are a frequent reason for changes in the genome organization of haploid fungi. 50,64 CNVs of a yet to be identified genomic regions, potentially repetitive, could explain the changes in size observed in the karyotype of C. auris, e.g. strain UACa20 after heat stress, the 0.95 Mbp chromosomal band in UACa18, or 1.2 Mbp chromosome in UACa22 (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and extensive karyotype diversification in haploid clinical Candida auris isolates

Ruiz

Ross

Schelenz

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Candida auris is a newly emerging pathogenic microbe, having been identified as a medically relevant fungus as recently as 2009. It is the most drug-resistant yeast species known to date and its emergence and population structure are unusual. Because of its recent emergence we are largely ignorant about fundamental aspects of its general biology, life cycle, and population dynamics. Here we report the karyotype variability of 26 C. auris strains representing the four main clades. We demonstrate that all strains are haploid and have a highly plastic karyotype containing five to seven chromosomes, which can undergo marked alterations within a short time-frame when the fungus is put under genotoxic, heat, or osmotic stress. No simple correlation was found between karyotype pattern, drug resistance, and clade affiliation indicating that karyotype heterogeneity is rapidly evolving. As with other Candida species, these marked karyotype differences between isolates are likely to have an important impact on pathogenic traits of C. auris.Introduction 1 A current, major concern in medical mycology is the emergence of the multidrug-resistant 2 pathogen Candida auris. This species was named according to its first identification as an isolate 3 from the ear canal of a Japanese patient in 2009. 1 Since then, it has rapidly become a major 4 healthcare threat with hospital outbreaks occurring worldwide. [2][3][4] Most C. auris isolates also 5 show high levels of resistance to antifungal drugs, including azoles, echinocandins, 5-flucytosine, 6 and polyenes (amphotericin B). 5,6 C. auris is also difficult to eradicate from hospital intensive 7 care wards and as a skin colonizer it can apparently be transmitted from patient to patient. 4 8 Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of C. auris isolates has indicated that there are at least 9 four distinct geographical clades of this species; East Asia (Japan, Korea), South Asia (India, 10 Pakistan), South Africa, and South America (Venezuela). 6 Clades differ by tens of thousands of 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from each other, however, within each clade isolates 12 are almost indistinguishable from each other on a DNA sequence level. 5-7 This suggests that the 13 C. auris population structure is characterized by distinct and highly variable clades that are 14 distributed worldwide and almost non-variable clonal expansions of a single genotype within 15 individual outbreaks. 3,4 The origin(s) of the strong variability between and the minor variability 16 within clades are currently unknown. 17 Polyploidy, aneuploidy, and gross chromosome rearrangements have been recognized 18 drivers of genetic diversity in pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi for some time. 8-12 In 19 pathogenic yeasts, such as C. albicans, mechanisms for ploidy shifts and chromosome 20 rearrangements have been described, and their importance for adaptation to environmental 21 stresses and host niches, as well as for developing resistance to antifungal drugs has been 22 identified. 13-17 23Here, we characteri...

show abstract

“…Ploidy level heterogeneity and aneuploidy is frequently observed in clinical isolates of fungal species including C. albicans , C. neoformans , and C. glabrata (10, 11, 15, 140, 141). However, very little is known about the dynamics of ploidy changes during in vivo evolution and the effects on host-fungus interactions.…”

Section: Ploidy Changes and Aneuploidy In The Context Of Experimenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ploidy Variation in Fungi: Polyploidy, Aneuploidy, and Genome Evolution

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ability of an organism to replicate and segregate its genome with high fidelity is vital to its survival and for the production of future generations. Errors in either of these steps (replication or segregation) can lead to a change in ploidy or chromosome number. While these drastic genome changes can be detrimental to the organism, resulting in decreased fitness, they can also provide increased fitness during periods of stress. A change in ploidy or chromosome number can fundamentally change how a cell senses and responds to its environment. Here, we discuss current ideas within fungal biology that illuminate how eukaryotic genome size variation can impact the organism at a cellular and evolutionary level. One of the most fascinating observations from the last two decades of research is that some fungi have evolved the ability to tolerate large genome size changes and generate vast genomic heterogeneity without undergoing canonical meiosis.

show abstract

Genome structure and dynamics of the yeast pathogen Candida glabrata

Cited by 46 publications

References 58 publications

Multifragment melting analysis of yeast species isolated from spoiled fruits

Multifragment melting analysis of yeast species isolated from spoiled fruits

Rapid and extensive karyotype diversification in haploid clinical Candida auris isolates

Ploidy Variation in Fungi: Polyploidy, Aneuploidy, and Genome Evolution

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About