Genome-Wide Analysis and Exploration of WRKY Transcription Factor Family Involved in the Regulation of Shoot Branching in Petunia

Abstract

The WRKY transcription factors (TFs) participate in various physiological, growth and developmental processes of plants. In our study, a total of 79 WRKY family members were identified and classified into three groups (Group I, Group IIa–e, and Group III) based on phylogenetic and conservative domain analyses. Conserved motif analysis showed that seven WRKYGQK domains changed. The promoter sequence analysis suggested that there were multiple stress- and hormone-related cis-regulatory elements in the promoter regions of PhWRKY genes. Expression patterns of PhWRKYs based on RNA-seq data revealed their diverse expression profiles in five tissues and under different treatments. Subcellular localization analysis showed that PhWRKY71 was located in the nucleus. In addition, overexpression of PhWRKY71 caused a significant increase in branch number. This indicated that PhWRKY71 played a critical role in regulating the shoot branching of Petuniahybrida. The above results lay the foundation for further revealing the functions of PhWRKY genes.

Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Hormone Pathways and bZIP Genes Responsive to Decapitation in Sunflower

“…annuus variety ‘Huoli’ was used in this study. The growth condition of sunflower seedlings was the same as in the description by Yao et al [ 19 ].…”

“…We then removed the sequences that did not contain the bZIP domain and, finally, identified the HabZIP family member sequences. As detailed by Yao et al [ 19 ], the prediction of the physical and chemical elements of HabZIP proteins was then performed.…”

“…The bZIP protein sequences of sunflowers and Arabidopsis were compared using MEGA 5.05 software. According to Yao et al [ 19 ], a phylogenetic tree was constructed using a neighbor-joining method. The conserved motifs for HabZIP s were analyzed with MEME Suite tools, while a gene structural analysis of HabZIPs was conducted using the Gene Structure Display Server (GSDS) software.…”

Dynamic interplay of WRKY, GRAS, and ERF transcription factor families in tomato-endophytic fungal symbiosis: insights from transcriptome and genome-wide analysis

“…However, no comprehensive reports exist to identify and characterize the TFs involved in S. lycopersicum -fungus symbiosis. The WRKY TFs are one of the largest families of TFs and are called jack of all trades because they regulate various developmental and adaptation processes in plants such as seed dormancy and germination, plant growth and development, hormones response pathways, morphogenesis of trichomes, senescence, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and various biotic and abiotic stresses ( Huang et al., 2012 ; Phukan et al., 2016 ; Jiang et al., 2017 ; Wang et al., 2017b ; Yao et al., 2022 ). GRAS proteins reportedly play a crucial regulatory role in various developmental and physiological processes, such as induced resistance to elevated levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) ( Czikkel and Maxwell, 2007 ), controlling shoot development ( Chen et al., 2019 ), meristem development, and signal transduction ( Sun et al., 2012 ) and facilitate symbiosis-specific association ( Pimprikar et al., 2016 ).…”

PhNAL1 Is Involved in Regulating Branch Development of Petunia

“…In summary, the intricacies of the branching of petunia have long captured research attention (Dong et al 2022;Drummond et al 2015;Rashidi et al 2023;Yao et al 2022). To further enrich the regulatory mechanism of petunia branch development, we cloned the full-length sequence of the PhNAL1 gene and studied the expression patterns of PhNAL1 across various treatments and tissues as well as its subcellular localization.…”