Genome-wide analysis of glutathione S-transferase gene family in G. max

Ahmad, Muhammad Zulfiqar; Nasir, Jamal; Ahmed, Shakeel; Ahmad, Bushra; Sana, Aiman; Salman, Said; Shah, Zamarud; Yang, Chunrong

doi:10.2478/s11756-020-00463-5

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The GST is grouped into different subclasses such as TAU, Phi, Lambda, Zeta, TCHQD, Theta, GHR, EF1B and DHAR based on the previous report [45]. Identification of GST genes in other plant species has been reported; for example, 55 GSTs in Arabidopsis [46], 38 GSTs from the apple (Malus domestica [38] and 82 GSTs in radish (Raphanus sativus) [47], 90 in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) [48], 90 in tomato [49], 74 in soybean (Glycine max) [50], 85 in pepper (Capsicum annuum) [51], 92 in grapes (Vitis vinifera) [52], 57 in pear (Pyrus communis L.) [43] and 59 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) [53]. In this study, 40 GSTs were found in the eggplant genome and subsequently characterized (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Genome-Wide Identification of Glutathione S-Transferase Genes in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Reveals Their Potential Role in Anthocyanin Accumulation on the Fruit Peel

Obel,

Zhou,

Liu

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Anthocyanins are ubiquitous pigments derived from the phenylpropanoid compound conferring red, purple and blue pigmentations to various organs of horticultural crops. The metabolism of flavonoids in the cytoplasm leads to the biosynthesis of anthocyanin, which is then conveyed to the vacuoles for storage by plant glutathione S-transferases (GST). Although GST is important for transporting anthocyanin in plants, its identification and characterization in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) remains obscure. In this study, a total of 40 GST genes were obtained in the eggplant genome and classified into seven distinct chief groups based on the evolutionary relationship with Arabidopsis thaliana GST genes. The seven subgroups of eggplant GST genes (SmGST) comprise: dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), elongation factor 1Bγ (EF1Bγ), Zeta (Z), Theta(T), Phi(F), Tau(U) and tetra-chlorohydroquinone dehalogenase TCHQD. The 40 GST genes were unevenly distributed throughout the 10 eggplant chromosomes and were predominantly located in the cytoplasm. Structural gene analysis showed similarity in exons and introns within a GST subgroup. Six pairs of both tandem and segmental duplications have been identified, making them the primary factors contributing to the evolution of the SmGST. Light-related cis-regulatory elements were dominant, followed by stress-related and hormone-responsive elements. The syntenic analysis of orthologous genes indicated that eggplant, Arabidopsis and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) counterpart genes seemed to be derived from a common ancestry. RNA-seq data analyses showed high expression of 13 SmGST genes with SmGSTF1 being glaringly upregulated on the peel of purple eggplant but showed no or low expression on eggplant varieties with green or white peel. Subsequently, SmGSTF1 had a strong positive correlation with anthocyanin content and with anthocyanin structural genes like SmUFGT (r = 0.9), SmANS (r = 0.85), SmF3H (r = 0.82) and SmCHI2 (r = 0.7). The suppression of SmGSTF1 through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGs) resulted in a decrease in anthocyanin on the infiltrated fruit surface. In a nutshell, results from this study established that SmGSTF1 has the potential of anthocyanin accumulation in eggplant peel and offers viable candidate genes for the improvement of purple eggplant. The comprehensive studies of the SmGST family genes provide the foundation for deciphering molecular investigations into the functional analysis of SmGST genes in eggplant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Genome-Wide Identification of Glutathione S-Transferase Genes in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Reveals Their Potential Role in Anthocyanin Accumulation on the Fruit Peel

Obel,

Zhou,

Liu

et al. 2024

IJMS

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“…A total of 32 SjGST genes were found, fewer than the number found in Solanum lycopersicum (90), Solanum tuberosum (90), Glycine max (74) and Camellia sinensis (88) [ 11 , 21 , 35 , 36 ]. In green plants, GSTs are typically divided into eight classes or more [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of glutathione S-transferase genes and their transcripts in Saccharina japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) during development and under abiotic stress

Lu,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a crucial enzyme for metabolism, detoxification, and stress resistance in organisms. Many GSTs have been identified in seaweeds, but the isolation and functional analysis of GSTs in Saccharina japonica have not been completed. Result In this study, a total of 32 SjGST genes, localized on 10 scaffolds and 6 contigs, were identified and categorized into three groups. Most of these SjGSTs were presumed to be distributed in the cytoplasm. Tandem duplication had a significant influence on the expansion of the SjGST gene family. Functional analysis of cis-acting elements in the promoter regions demonstrated that SjGSTs enhance the stress resistance of the kelp. Quantitative real-time PCR tests confirmed that SjGSTs positively influence S. japonica sporophytes under stress from low salinity, drought, and high temperature. Recombinant yeast tests further affirmed the role of SjGSTs in stress resistance; SjGSTs improved the growth rate of recombinant yeast under 1.5 M NaCl or 8 mM H2O2. Analysis of biochemical parameters indicated that the optimum temperatures for SjGST20 and SjGST22 were 20 °C, and the optimum pH values were 7.0 and 8.0 for SjGST20 and SjGST22, respectively. The Km values for the substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) were 2.706 mM and 0.674 mM and were 6.146 mM and 3.559 mM for the substrate glutathione (GSH) for SjGST20 and SjGST22, respectively. Conclusion SjGSTs are important stress resistant genes in S. japonica. This research results will enhance our understanding the function of GSTs in brown seaweeds, and explained its functional roles in stress resistance in marine environments.

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“…The glutathione S-transferase is a versatile inducible protein family that play important role in stress resistance and xenobiotic detoxi cation. In legumes, the GST gene family has been identi ed and characterized previously, a total of 74 GST genes in soybean (Ahmad et al 2020), 51 in chickpea (Ghangal et al 2020), 31 in Vigna radiata (Vaish et al 2018) and 92 in Medicago (Hasan et al 2021) have been reported. The lack of GST gene family identi cation and characterization was found in C. cajan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide identification and characterization of Glutathione S-transferase gene family in Cajanus cajan and their expression profiling under different developmental stages in anatomical tissues

Vaish

Gupta

Jain³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Plant glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are multifunctional conserved protein superfamily that is involved in various biological processes such as growth and development, cellular detoxification, stress biology, and various signaling processes. In the current study, a comprehensive genome-wide identification and characterization of the GST gene family were performed in the agriculturally important legume crop Cajanus cajan. A total of 68 GST genes were identified that belong to eight GST classes based on their conserved domains and motifs. Among 68 CcGST genes, 37 CcGST genes were found on seven Cajanus chromosomes and the remaining CcGST genes were found on the scaffold. Segmental and tandem duplication, both were the driving forces of CcGST gene family expansion. The conserved pattern of exon and intron structure among the different GST classes was observed. The secondary prediction showed the dominance of α- helices. Ser is the highly phosphorylated site in CcGSTs. The subcellular localization prediction of CcGSTs revealed their dominance in the cytoplasm. The physicochemical properties of major CcGST proteins reveal that they are acidic in nature. The expression profiling study revealed the high expression of CcGSTU38, CcGSTU40, CcGSTU44, CcGSTL3, CcGSTL4, CcEF1G1, CcEF1G2, CcDHAR2 and CcGSTF6 in most of the developmental stages in different anatomical tissues. The molecular docking study of highly expressed CcGSTU38 with eight herbicide safeners revealed its highest binding affinity with Fenclorim (-5.44 kcal/mol). This gene could be a potential candidate for future molecular characterization under herbicide stress. The results of the current study endow us with the further functional analysis of Cajanus GSTs in the future.

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Genome-wide analysis of glutathione S-transferase gene family in G. max

Cited by 12 publications

References 71 publications

Genome-Wide Identification of Glutathione S-Transferase Genes in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Reveals Their Potential Role in Anthocyanin Accumulation on the Fruit Peel

Genome-Wide Identification of Glutathione S-Transferase Genes in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Reveals Their Potential Role in Anthocyanin Accumulation on the Fruit Peel

Isolation and characterization of glutathione S-transferase genes and their transcripts in Saccharina japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) during development and under abiotic stress

Genome-wide identification and characterization of Glutathione S-transferase gene family in Cajanus cajan and their expression profiling under different developmental stages in anatomical tissues

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