Genome-Wide Analysis of Lipoxygenase (LOX) Genes in Angiosperms

Abstract

Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are enzymes that catalyze the addition of an oxygen molecule to unsaturated fatty acids, thus forming hydroperoxides. In plants, these enzymes are encoded by a multigene family found in several organs with varying activity patterns, by which they are classified as LOX9 or LOX13. They are involved in several physiological functions, such as growth, fruit development, and plant defense. Despite several studies on genes of the LOX family in plants, most studies are restricted to a single species or a few closely related species. This study aimed to analyze the diversity, evolution, and expression of LOX genes in angiosperm species. We identified 247 LOX genes among 23 species of angiosperms and basal plants. Phylogenetic analyses identified clades supporting LOX13 and two main clades for LOX9: LOX9_A and LOX9_B. Eudicot species such as Tarenaya hassleriana, Capsella rubella, and Arabidopsis thaliana did not present LOX9_B genes; however, LOX9_B was present in all monocots used in this study. We identified that there were potential new subcellular localization patterns and conserved residues of oxidation for LOX9 and LOX13 yet unexplored. In summary, our study provides a basis for the further functional and evolutionary study of lipoxygenases in angiosperms.

Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveal the Dynamic Process of Bama Hemp Seed Development and the Accumulation Mechanism of α-Linolenic Acid and Linoleic Acid

“…It also serves as a precursor for hormones and volatile substances and can effectively enable hormone JA biosynthesis in the plant. MeJA is related to plant defense and stress resistance reactions. , JA biosynthesis begins with the plastid, and 12-OPDA is the final product of the plastid localization portion of this pathway. 12-OPDA is not only a metabolic intermediate but also a signaling molecule with functions that overlap and differ from JA. , LOX is involved in regulating the transcription metabolic pathway during leaf senescence mediated by MeJA biosynthesis.…”

“…MeJA is related to plant defense and stress resistance reactions. 56,57 JA biosynthesis begins with the plastid, and 12-OPDA is the final product of the plastid localization portion of this pathway. 12-OPDA is not only a metabolic intermediate but also a signaling molecule with functions that overlap and differ from JA.…”

Osmotic stress in roots drives lipoxygenase-dependent plastid remodeling through singlet oxygen production

“…The Arabidopsis lipoxygenase family includes six members that are categorized into types by their dioxygenation activity. Type 9 and type 13 differ in the oxygenation site of the fatty acids’ common substrate, linolenic and linoleic acid (18:8,18:2), and generate oxylipin products that show diverse biological activity (Camargo et al, 2023; Viswanath et al, 2020). Lipoxygenase type 13 is recognized for its role in jasmonic acid (JA) production (Maynard et al, 2021; Xing et al, 2019).…”

Soybean (Glycine max L.) Lipoxygenase 1 (LOX 1) Is Modulated by Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide: An In Vitro Approach

“…These products have numerous roles as growth regulators, antimicrobials and antifungals (aldehydes or divinyl ethers), flavors, and as signal molecules such as jasmonates [1][2][3]. Thus, LOXs are involved in diverse physiological plant functions including seed germination, plant growth and development, and fruit ripening and senescence [1,[4][5][6], but they are also involved in the mechanism of response to diverse environmental stresses [7,8].…”