Genome-Wide Approaches toward Understanding Mycotrophic Trichoderma Species

Herrera-Estrella, Alfredo

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59576-8.00033-3

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In vitro comparisons demonstrated that the mutant (∆gluc31) and wild-type T. harzianum strain showed similar antagonistic activities. Evidence suggests that gluc31 does not play a critical role in T. harzianum antagonism, which may be associated with the number of glucanase genes present in the Trichoderma genome [54,55]. An analysis of the various β-1,3-glucanase genes in the GH16 family demonstrated an increase in the expression of one gene in the in vitro antagonism of the ∆gluc31 mutant strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endo-β-1,3-glucanase (GH16 Family) from Trichoderma harzianum Participates in Cell Wall Biogenesis but Is Not Essential for Antagonism Against Plant Pathogens

et al. 2019

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Trichoderma species are known for their ability to produce lytic enzymes, such as exoglucanases, endoglucanases, chitinases, and proteases, which play important roles in cell wall degradation of phytopathogens. β-glucanases play crucial roles in the morphogenetic-morphological process during the development and differentiation processes in Trichoderma species, which have β-glucans as the primary components of their cell walls. Despite the importance of glucanases in the mycoparasitism of Trichoderma spp., only a few functional analysis studies have been conducted on glucanases. In the present study, we used a functional genomics approach to investigate the functional role of the gluc31 gene, which encodes an endo-β-1,3-glucanase belonging to the GH16 family in Trichoderma harzianum ALL42. We demonstrated that the absence of the gluc31 gene did not affect the in vivo mycoparasitism ability of mutant T. harzianum ALL42; however, gluc31 evidently influenced cell wall organization. Polymer measurements and fluorescence microscopy analyses indicated that the lack of the gluc31 gene induced a compensatory response by increasing the production of chitin and glucan polymers on the cell walls of the mutant hyphae. The mutant strain became more resistant to the fungicide benomyl compared to the parental strain. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis showed that the absence of gluc31 in T. harzianum resulted in the differential expression of other glycosyl hydrolases belonging to the GH16 family, because of functional redundancy among the glucanases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endo-β-1,3-glucanase (GH16 Family) from Trichoderma harzianum Participates in Cell Wall Biogenesis but Is Not Essential for Antagonism Against Plant Pathogens

et al. 2019

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“…In comparison to stable nature of the genome, transcriptome is more dynamic and vary in response to different stimuli. The massive transcriptome response to various factors can be tentatively identified, quantified, and correlated to a biological process using ESTs, subtractive libraries, and DNA microarrays ( Herrera-Estrella, 2014 ). A number of studies have been done at genome-wide and transcriptional level to understand the molecular behavior of different Trichoderma strains under contrasting conditions ranging from mycoparasitism of plant pathogens to imparting direct beneficial aspects to plants under stress conditions ( Arvas et al, 2006 ; Vizcaíno et al, 2007 ; Seidl et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Omics Approaches In Uncoupling Genome and Transcriptome Profmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the genome of T. virens and T. atroviride no true orthodox were reported for 2,756 and 2,510 genes, respectively in other species. The genome of T. virens and T. atroviride share 1,273 exclusive orthologs and 26 expanded families which were missing in T. reesei genome that may be a probable answer to mycoparasitic nature of T. atroviride and T. virens ( Kubicek et al, 2011 ; Herrera-Estrella, 2014 ). A comparative study of genome organization of two Trichoderma species has revealed the expansion of considerable expansion genes involved in mycoparasitic T. virens strain which are missing in T. reesei ( Kubicek et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Omics Approaches In Uncoupling Genome and Transcriptome Profmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From a total of unique sequences (3,478), in T. harzianum CECT2413, 23% were found related to secretory chitinases, glucanases, and proteases. A large number of transcripts expressed (9478 ESTs containing 2,734 unique sequences) during the early interaction of T. atroviride with B. cinerea and R. solani were identified ( Seidl et al, 2009 ) whereas 66 genes covering 442 ESTs were induced under mycoparasitic interaction ( Herrera-Estrella, 2014 ).…”

Section: Omics Approaches In Uncoupling Genome and Transcriptome Profmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trichoderma is a cosmopolitan and cardinal representative soil microflora of various climatic conditions ( Herrera-Estrella, 2014 ). The biocontrol role of Trichoderma spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated Translatome and Proteome: Approach for Accurate Portraying of Widespread Multifunctional Aspects of Trichoderma

2017

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Genome-wide studies of transcripts expression help in systematic monitoring of genes and allow targeting of candidate genes for future research. In contrast to relatively stable genomic data, the expression of genes is dynamic and regulated both at time and space level at different level in. The variation in the rate of translation is specific for each protein. Both the inherent nature of an mRNA molecule to be translated and the external environmental stimuli can affect the efficiency of the translation process. In biocontrol agents (BCAs), the molecular response at translational level may represents noise-like response of absolute transcript level and an adaptive response to physiological and pathological situations representing subset of mRNAs population actively translated in a cell. The molecular responses of biocontrol are complex and involve multistage regulation of number of genes. The use of high-throughput techniques has led to rapid increase in volume of transcriptomics data of Trichoderma. In general, almost half of the variations of transcriptome and protein level are due to translational control. Thus, studies are required to integrate raw information from different “omics” approaches for accurate depiction of translational response of BCAs in interaction with plants and plant pathogens. The studies on translational status of only active mRNAs bridging with proteome data will help in accurate characterization of only a subset of mRNAs actively engaged in translation. This review highlights the associated bottlenecks and use of state-of-the-art procedures in addressing the gap to accelerate future accomplishment of biocontrol mechanisms.

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Omics Technologies in the Plant–Microbe Interactions

Bastas,

Kumar

2023

Microorganisms for Sustainability

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Genome-Wide Approaches toward Understanding Mycotrophic Trichoderma Species

Cited by 11 publications

References 66 publications

Endo-β-1,3-glucanase (GH16 Family) from Trichoderma harzianum Participates in Cell Wall Biogenesis but Is Not Essential for Antagonism Against Plant Pathogens

Endo-β-1,3-glucanase (GH16 Family) from Trichoderma harzianum Participates in Cell Wall Biogenesis but Is Not Essential for Antagonism Against Plant Pathogens

Integrated Translatome and Proteome: Approach for Accurate Portraying of Widespread Multifunctional Aspects of Trichoderma

Omics Technologies in the Plant–Microbe Interactions

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