Genome-wide association mapping of biochemical traits and its correlation with MYMIV resistance in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)

Abstract

The mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV, Begomovirus vignaradiataindiaense ) causes Yellow Mosaic Disease (YMD) in mungbean ( Vigna radiata L.). The biochemical assays including total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ascorbic acid (AA), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) were used to study the mungbean plants defense response to MYMIV infection. A wide range was recorded for the Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC; 1.75-1266.98) and coefficient of infection (CI; 0.33–45.53). In YMD susceptible genotypes, significant variations were observed for TPC [2001.27-2834.13 mgGAE/100 g dry weight (DW)], TFC (252.65–341.30 mg/100 g DW), AA (40.33–64.69 mg/100 g DW), DPPH (32.11–53.47% scavenging effect DW), and FRAP (48.99-101.22 µmol Fe 2+ /g DW). Similarly, in resistant genotypes also wide range was recorded for TPC (1788.50-2286.38 mgGAE/100 g DW), TFC (206.12–337.32 mg/100 gDAS samples varied from 384. 6.46–47.64% scavenging effect DW), and FRAP (53.68-114.24 µmol Fe 2+ /g DW). Except for FRAP, other studied parameters were in the lower range in the resistant genotypes than the susceptible genotypes. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 132 genotypes have identified 31,953 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). MLM (Mixed Linear Model) and BLINK (Bayesian-information and Linkage-disequilibrium Iteratively Nested Keyway) models have identified 119 shared SNPs for various biochemical traits and MYMIV resistance. The key candidate genes include VRADI09G06940 (YMD resistance, TIR-NBS-LRR class , chr. 9), VRADI01G05030 [flavonoid biosynthesis; MYB65 transcription factor (TF); chr. 1], VRADI03G07600 (phenol biosynthesis; GATA TF 16; chr. 3), VRADI04G08470 (ascorbic acid; heat shock protein 70 kDa protein ; chr. 4), VRADI04G07510 (FRAP; subtilisin-like protease SBT1.9 ; chr. 4), and VRADI05G02870 (DPPH; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 2 ; chr. 5). The identified genomic resources will enhance mungbean genomics and facilitate the advancement of genomic-assisted breeding in mungbean. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-024-82836-3.