Genome‐wide association study for body weight in cattle populations from Siberia

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes in a population of dogs with negative-pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) and to identify the main causes of the disease. To evaluate any associations with morbidity and mortality.Design: Retrospective study.Setting: Three university teaching hospitals and two private referral centers.Animals: Thirty-five client-owned dogs presented with NPPE. Interventions: NoneMeasurements and Main Results: Data collected included patient characteristics, clinical history, clinicopathological abnormalities, radiographic features, treatments and outcome. Median age was 4 months (range 2-90) and median weight was 7.1 kg (range 1.7-37.2). There were many causes of NPPE including leash tugs, near hanging, accidental choking, anatomical obstruction to airflow and purposeful airway obstruction by people. The most common cause of NPPE was accidental choking (40% of cases). Dogs with an anatomical obstruction were older than 24 months. Hypoxemia with an increased alveolar-arterial gradient was common on presentation. The majority of thoracic radiographs (65.7%) showed an alveolar or interstitial pattern in the caudodorsal area as previously described in the literature. Oxygen therapy was administered to 33 (94.3%) dogs. Furosemide was administered to 18 (51.4%) dogs. Median length of hospitalization was 2 days (range 0-14). Twenty-eight (80%) dogs survived to discharge. Seven dogs were mechanically ventilated and only 2 of them (28.6%) 2 survived to discharge. Requirement for mechanical ventilation (p<0.001) was the only parameter associated with mortality.Conclusions: Most cases of NPPE occur in juvenile dogs. Different incidents associated with upper airway obstruction can produce an episode of NPPE.Choking on food or toys and near hanging have not been previously described in the veterinary literature as inciting causes of NPPE. The overall prognosis is good.

Weighted Single-Step Genome-Wide Association Study for Growth Traits in Chinese Simmental Beef Cattle

“…Many studies have reported QTLs and genes associated with growth traits in cattle (e.g., body weight and average daily gain) using the GWAS strategy [40,41]. However, few QTLs have consistently been identified as being associated with growth traits among breeds of cattle, including for Brangus heifers [42], Japanese Black (Wagyu) cattle [43], Charolais beef cattle [8], Siberia cattle [1], Nellore cattle [3], and the Chinese Simmental beef cattle examined in this study. These findings imply that further in-depth research is required to determine whether breed-specific QTLs exist.…”

“…Beef cattle provide a large proportion of the meat consumed by humans throughout the world [1]. Improving the genetic process of growth traits (e.g., body weight and average daily gain) is one of the major goals in the beef cattle breeding industry, as it can increase meat production and reduce the cost of raising animals [2,3].…”

“…A genome-wide association study (GWAS) can detect significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or genomic regions that are associated with economically important traits based on the linkage disequilibrium (LD) between SNPs and possible causative mutations [4]. GWASs have recently been used to identify several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes associated with growth traits in beef cattle [1,3,5]. For instance, Kim et al [6] used 602 crossbred cattle of Bos taurus (Angus) and Bos indicus (Brahman) genotyped for 417 microsatellite markers and detected a total of 35 QTLs for growth traits (e.g., birth weight and yearling weight).…”

“…Although some progress has been made, the genetic architecture of these economically important traits remains poorly understood. Furthermore, the majority of GWASs for growth traits in beef cattle have only used a small sample of genotyped animals and low-density SNP arrays, which has limited the statistical power of the association analysis [1,8]. To address this issue, the weighted single-step GWAS (wssGWAS) is preferable for association analysis in Chinese beef cattle, for which large numbers of individuals have phenotypes and pedigrees but fewer are genotyped.…”

Across-breed genomic prediction for body weight in Siberian cattle populations

“…By using SRM and multiple hypothesis testing procedures in Siberian cattle populations, [21] identified several major QTLs associated with BW. Their findings further support the idea of common ancestors in Siberian cattle populations.…”