Genome-Wide Association Study of Salt Tolerance-Related Traits during Germination and Seedling Development in an Intermedium-Spike Barley Collection

Abstract

Increased salinity is one of the major consequences of climatic change affecting global crop production. The early stages in the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) life cycle are considered the most critical phases due to their contributions to final crop yield. Particularly, the germination and seedling development are sensitive to numerous environmental stresses, especially soil salinity. In this study, we aimed to identify SNP markers linked with germination and seedling development at 150 mM NaCl as a salinity treatment. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a panel of 208 intermedium-spike barley (H. vulgare convar. intermedium (Körn.) Mansf.) accessions and their genotype data (i.e., 10,323 SNPs) using the genome reference sequence of “Morex”. The phenotypic results showed that the 150 mM NaCl salinity treatment significantly reduced all recorded germination and seedling-related traits compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, six accessions (HOR 11747, HOR 11718, HOR 11640, HOR 11256, HOR 11275 and HOR 11291) were identified as the most salinity tolerant from the intermedium-spike barley collection. GWAS analysis indicated that a total of 38 highly significantly associated SNP markers under control and/or salinity traits were identified. Of these, two SNP markers on chromosome (chr) 1H, two on chr 3H, and one on chr 4H were significantly linked to seedling fresh and dry weight under salinity stress treatment. In addition, two SNP markers on chr 7H were also significantly associated with seedling fresh and dry weight but under control condition. Under salinity stress, one SNP marker on chr 1H, 5H and 7H were detected for more than one phenotypic trait. We found that in most of the accessions exhibiting the highest salinity tolerance, most of the salinity-related QTLs were presented. These results form the basis for detailed studies, leading to improved salt tolerance breeding programs in barley.

Disentangling hydroxynitrile glucoside biosynthesis in a barley (Hordeum vulgare) metabolon provides access to elite malting barleys for ethyl carbamate‐free whisky production

“…However, our results indicate that CYP71U5 does not play a role in HNG formation. The CYP71U5 protein has subsequently been shown as candidate gene to mediate increased salt tolerance in barley (Sayed et al., 2022).…”

Detection of closely linked QTLs and candidate genes controlling germination indices in response to drought and salinity stresses in barley

“…Moreover, under control condition, Sayed et al . mapped QTLs controlling GP and MGT on chromosomes 6H and 2H, respectively 22 . Makhtoum et al .…”

The impact of multiple abiotic stresses on ns-LTP2.8 gene transcript and ns-LTP2.8 protein accumulation in germinating barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) embryos

“…Effect of 200 mM salt concentration was also analyzed here, but it inhibited the germination process of barley; temperature (T) was applied as 30°C (day) and 10°C (night); simultaneous application of each stress made it possible to obtain all combinations of them (drought with temperature (DT), salinity with temperature (ST), drought with salinity l(DS), and drought combined with salinity and temperature (DST)). Duration of stress ended when the seeds were considered germinated that is, when radicle reached length of approximately 2 mm [ 41 , 42 ]. Caryopses were transferred to a new sterile Petri dish lined with dry Whatman paper, the embryonal axes and aleurone layers (positive control) were dissected with sterile scalpel and placed in a sterile 0.5 ml Eppendorf tube.…”

“…Duration of stress ended when the seeds were considered germinated that is, when radicle reached length of approximately 2 mm [ 41 , 42 ]. Caryopses were transferred to a new sterile Petri dish lined with dry Whatman paper, the embryonal axes and aleurone layers (positive control) were dissected with sterile scalpel and placed in a sterile 0.5 ml Eppendorf tube.…”