Genome-Wide Characterization of Peptidyl-Prolyl Cis-Trans Isomerases in Penicillium and Their Regulation By Salt Stress in a Halotolerant P. Oxalicum

Abstract

Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases) are the only class of enzymes capable of cis-trans isomerization of the prolyl peptide bond. The PPIases, comprising of different families viz., cyclophilins, FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs), parvulins and protein phosphatase 2A phosphatase activators (PTPAs), play essential roles in different cellular processes. Though PPIase gene families have been characterized in different organisms, information regarding these proteins lacks in Penicillium species, which are commercially an important fungi group. In this study, we carried out genome-wide analysis of PPIases in different Penicillium spp. and investigated their regulation by salt stress in a halotolerant strain of Penicillium oxalicum. These analyses revealed that the number of genes encoding cyclophilins, FKBPs, parvulins and PTPAs in Penicillium spp. varies between 7-11, 2-5, 1-2, and 1-2, respectively. The halotolerant P. oxalicum depicted significant enhancement in the mycelial PPIase activity in the presence of 15% NaCl, thus, highlighting the role of these enzymes in salt stress adaptation. The PPIase activity in P. oxalicum was associated with the expression of PoxCYP18, PoxCYP23, PoxCYP41, PoxFKBP12-2, and PoxFKBP52 genes. Characterization of PPIases in Penicillium spp. will provide an important database for understanding their cellular functions and might facilitate their applications in industrial processes through biotechnological interventions.

Genome-wide association study and RNA-seq identifies GmWRI1-like transcription factor related to the seed weight in soybean

“…The expression level of GmGA20OX is positively correlated with SW; overexpression of GmGA20OX increased SW in Arabidopsis (Hu et al, 2023). PP2C-1 encodes a phosphatase associated with the transcription factor GmBZR1, which is involved in brassinolide signaling (Gonzaĺez-Garcıá et al, 2007;Singh et al, 2021), promoting the dephosphorylation of GmBZR1 and enhancing the size of integument cells. The overexpression of PP2C-1 can significantly increase the SW and seed size (Wang et al, 2018).…”