Genome-wide characterization of peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerases in Penicillium and their regulation by salt stress in a halotolerant P. oxalicum

Abstract

Peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerases (PPIases) are the only class of enzymes capable of cis–trans isomerization of the prolyl peptide bond. The PPIases, comprising of different families viz., cyclophilins, FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs), parvulins and protein phosphatase 2A phosphatase activators (PTPAs), play essential roles in different cellular processes. Though PPIase gene families have been characterized in different organisms, information regarding these proteins is lacking in Penicillium species, which are commercially an important fungi group. In this study, we carried out genome-wide analysis of PPIases in different Penicillium spp. and investigated their regulation by salt stress in a halotolerant strain of Penicillium oxalicum. These analyses revealed that the number of genes encoding cyclophilins, FKBPs, parvulins and PTPAs in Penicillium spp. varies between 7–11, 2–5, 1–2, and 1–2, respectively. The halotolerant P. oxalicum depicted significant enhancement in the mycelial PPIase activity in the presence of 15% NaCl, thus, highlighting the role of these enzymes in salt stress adaptation. The stress-induced increase in PPIase activity at 4 and 10 DAI in P. oxalicum was associated with higher expression of PoxCYP18. Characterization of PPIases in Penicillium spp. will provide an important database for understanding their cellular functions and might facilitate their applications in industrial processes through biotechnological interventions.

Genome-wide characterization of FK506-binding proteins, parvulins and phospho-tyrosyl phosphatase activators in wheat and their regulation by heat stress

“…The expression of TaFKBP, TaPar and TaPTPA genes was analysed in response to heat stress to understand their likely role in thermotolerance of wheat seedlings. These results revealed that the expression of different TaFKBP and TaPar genes in wheat is modulated differentially by heat stress, which is in accordance with the earlier studies in O. sativa , Z. mays , M. domestica , and Penicillium ( Nigam et al., 2008 ; Yu et al., 2012 ; Dong et al., 2018 ; Waseem et al., 2018 ; Singh et al., 2021 ). For instance, the heat stress-induced increase in TaFKBP61-2-7D/TaFKBP62-1-7A/TaFKBP62-2-7B (Group 1) was also observed for their maize ortholog, ZmFKBP62a ( Yu et al., 2012 ).…”

“…The FKBPs, parvulins and PTPAs are imperative for cis-trans isomerisation of the peptidyl-prolyl bonds, and several studies have revealed their essential role in diverse cellular processes ( Hanes et al., 1989 ; Luan et al., 1994 ; Lu et al., 1996 ; Janssens and Goris, 2001 ; Van Hoof and Goris, 2003 ; Gopalan et al., 2004 ; Meiri et al., 2010 ; Yu et al., 2012 ; Singh et al., 2021 ). The availability of whole genome sequences has enabled detailed in silico analysis and characterization of these gene families in different plant species.…”

“…and Penicillium spp. ( Joseph et al., 1999 ; Singh et al., 2021 ). Likewise, 28, 29, 30, 33, 38-78, 62, 83 and 91 cyclophilins have been reported in O. sativa , A. thaliana , M. domestica , Medicago truncatula , Gossypium spp., soybean, Triticum aestivum and Brassica napus , respectively ( Gasser et al., 1990 ; Romano et al., 2004 ; Trivedi et al., 2012 ; Mainali et al., 2014 ; Hanhart et al., 2017 ; Chen et al., 2019 ; Singh et al., 2019 ; Ge et al., 2020 ; Wang et al., 2022 ).…”

“…Contrary to the cyclophilins and FKBPs, the PTPAs and parvulins are less abundant and only one or two members have been reported in human, yeast and Penicillium spp. ( Rahfeld et al., 1994 ; Lu et al., 1996 ; Jordens et al., 2006 ; Magnusdottir et al., 2006 ; Mueller et al., 2006 ; Singh et al., 2021 ).…”

Genome-wide association reveals novel insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating stem volume inPinus taeda

“…The two hub genes of the HRR coexpression network match exactly with two of the genes found by GWAS, one of which was annotated for the enzyme peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase). PPIases are associated with plant growth and development, and the related genes have previously been indicated as suitable candidates to increase the abiotic stress tolerance of plants for industrial processes and agricultural applications (Singh et al, 2021).…”