Genome-wide CRISPR activation screen identifies JADE3 as an antiviral activator of NF-kB–dependent IFITM3 expression

Munir, Moiz; Embry, Aaron; Doench, John G.; Heaton, Nicholas S.; Wilen, Craig B.; Orchard, Robert C.

doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107153

Journal of Biological Chemistry

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107153

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Genome-wide CRISPR activation screen identifies JADE3 as an antiviral activator of NF-kB–dependent IFITM3 expression

Moiz Munir,

Aaron Embry,

John G. Doench

et al.

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Cited by 3 publications

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A review of virus host factor discovery using CRISPR screening

See,

Yousefi,

Ooi

2024

mBio

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The emergence of genome-scale forward genetic screening techniques, such as Haploid Genetic screen and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) knockout screen has opened new horizons in our understanding of virus infection biology. CRISPR screening has become a popular tool for the discovery of novel host factors for several viruses due to its specificity and efficiency in genome editing. Here, we review how CRISPR screening has revolutionized our understanding of virus-host interactions from scientific and technological viewpoints. A summary of the published screens conducted thus far to uncover virus host factors is presented, highlighting their experimental design and significant findings. We will outline relevant methods for customizing the CRISPR screening process to answer more specific hypotheses and compile a glossary of conducted CRISPR screens to show their design aspects. Furthermore, using flaviviruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as examples, we hope to offer a broad-based perspective on the capabilities of CRISPR screening to serve as a reference point to guide future unbiased discovery of virus host factors.

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A review of virus host factor discovery using CRISPR screening

See,

Yousefi,

Ooi

2024

mBio

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Identification of host factors for livestock and poultry viruses: genome-wide screening technology based on the CRISPR system

Hu,

Gan,

Wei

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Genome-wide CRISPR library screening technology is a gene function research tool developed based on the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated genes (CRISPR/Cas) system, considered the third generation of gene editing after zinc finger nucleases (ZFN) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN), is widely used for screening various viral host factors. CRISPR libraries are classified into three main categories based on the different functions of Cas9 enzymes: CRISPR knockout (CRISPR KO) library screening, CRISPR transcriptional activation (CRISPRa) library screening, and CRISPR transcriptional interference (CRISPRi) library screening. Recently, genome-wide CRISPR library screening technology has been used to identify host factors that interact with viruses at various stages, including adsorption, endocytosis, and replication. By specifically modulating the expression of these host factors, it becomes possible to cultivate disease-resistant varieties, establish disease models, and design and develop vaccines, among other applications. This review provides an overview of the development and technical processes of genome-wide CRISPR library screening, as well as its applications in identifying viral host factors in livestock and poultry.

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Host Innate Antiviral Response to Influenza A Virus Infection: From Viral Sensing to Antagonism and Escape

An,

Lakhina,

Leong

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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Influenza virus possesses an RNA genome of single-stranded, negative-sensed, and segmented configuration. Influenza virus causes an acute respiratory disease, commonly known as the “flu” in humans. In some individuals, flu can lead to pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Influenza A virus (IAV) is the most significant because it causes recurring seasonal epidemics, occasional pandemics, and zoonotic outbreaks in human populations, globally. The host innate immune response to IAV infection plays a critical role in sensing, preventing, and clearing the infection as well as in flu disease pathology. Host cells sense IAV infection through multiple receptors and mechanisms, which culminate in the induction of a concerted innate antiviral response and the creation of an antiviral state, which inhibits and clears the infection from host cells. However, IAV antagonizes and escapes many steps of the innate antiviral response by different mechanisms. Herein, we review those host and viral mechanisms. This review covers most aspects of the host innate immune response, i.e., (1) the sensing of incoming virus particles, (2) the activation of downstream innate antiviral signaling pathways, (3) the expression of interferon-stimulated genes, (4) and viral antagonism and escape.

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Genome-wide CRISPR activation screen identifies JADE3 as an antiviral activator of NF-kB–dependent IFITM3 expression

Cited by 3 publications

References 85 publications

A review of virus host factor discovery using CRISPR screening

A review of virus host factor discovery using CRISPR screening

Identification of host factors for livestock and poultry viruses: genome-wide screening technology based on the CRISPR system

Host Innate Antiviral Response to Influenza A Virus Infection: From Viral Sensing to Antagonism and Escape

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