Genome-wide data from two early Neolithic East Asian individuals dating to 7700 years ago

Siska, Veronika; Jones, Eppie R.; Jeon, Sungwon; Bhak, Youngjune; Kim, Hak Min; Cho, Yun Sung; Kim, Hyunho; Kyusang, Lee; Veselovskaya, Elizaveta; Balueva, Tatiana S.; Gallego-Llorente, Marcos; Hofreiter, Michael; Bradley, Daniel G.; Eriksson, Anders; Pinhasi, Ron; Bhak, Jong; Manica, Andrea

doi:10.1126/sciadv.1601877

Cited by 98 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The steppe cline populations derive their eastern Eurasian ancestry from a gene pool similar to contemporary Tungusic speakers from the Amur river basin (Figures 2 and 4), thus suggesting a genetic connection among the speakers of languages belonging to the Altaic macrofamily (Turkic, Mongolic and Tungusic families). Based on our results as well as early Neolithic genomes from the Russian Far East, 37 we speculate that such a gene pool may represent the genetic profile of prehistoric hunter-gatherers in the Amur river basin. On the other hand, a distinct Nganasan-related eastern Eurasian ancestry in the forest-tundra cline suggests a substantial separation between these two eastern ancestries.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

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Characterizing the genetic history of admixture across inner Eurasia

Jeong

Balanovsky

Lukianova

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…We hypothesize that Nganasans may be relatively isolated descendants of a prehistoric Siberian gene pool, which formed modern Northeast Asians by mixing with populations related to the Neolithic Northeast Asians. 37…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the genetic history of admixture across inner Eurasia

Jeong

Balanovsky

Lukianova

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…The individuals from the ∼5000 BCE Neolithic Boisman culture and the ∼1000 BCE Iron Age Yankovsky culture together with the previously published ∼6000 BCE data from Devil’s Gate cave 19 are genetically very similar, documenting a continuous presence of this ancestry profile in the Amur River Basin stretching back at least to eight thousand years ago (Figure 2 and Figure S2). The genetic continuity is also evident in the prevailing Y chromosomal haplogroup C2b-F1396 and mitochondrial haplogroups D4 and C5 of the Boisman individuals, which are predominant lineages in present-day Tungusic, Mongolic, and some Turkic-speakers.…”

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confidence: 59%

The Genomic Formation of Human Populations in East Asia

Wang

Yeh

Popov

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The deep population history of East Asia remains poorly understood due to a lack of ancient DNA data and sparse sampling of present-day people. We report genome-wide data from 191 individuals from Mongolia, northern China, Taiwan, the Amur River Basin and Japan dating to 6000 BCE – 1000 CE, many from contexts never previously analyzed with ancient DNA. We also report 383 present-day individuals from 46 groups mostly from the Tibetan Plateau and southern China. We document how 6000-3600 BCE people of Mongolia and the Amur River Basin were from populations that expanded over Northeast Asia, likely dispersing the ancestors of Mongolic and Tungusic languages. In a time transect of 89 Mongolians, we reveal how Yamnaya steppe pastoralist spread from the west by 3300-2900 BCE in association with the Afanasievo culture, although we also document a boy buried in an Afanasievo barrow with ancestry entirely from local Mongolian hunter-gatherers, representing a unique case of someone of entirely non-Yamnaya ancestry interred in this way. The second spread of Yamnaya-derived ancestry came via groups that harbored about a third of their ancestry from European farmers, which nearly completely displaced unmixed Yamnaya-related lineages in Mongolia in the second millennium BCE, but did not replace Afanasievo lineages in western China where Afanasievo ancestry persisted, plausibly acting as the source of the early-splitting Tocharian branch of Indo-European languages. Analyzing 20 Yellow River Basin farmers dating to ∼3000 BCE, we document a population that was a plausible vector for the spread of Sino-Tibetan languages both to the Tibetan Plateau and to the central plain where they mixed with southern agriculturalists to form the ancestors of Han Chinese. We show that the individuals in a time transect of 52 ancient Taiwan individuals spanning at least 1400 BCE to 600 CE were consistent with being nearly direct descendants of Yangtze Valley first farmers who likely spread Austronesian, Tai-Kadai and Austroasiatic languages across Southeast and South Asia and mixing with the people they encountered, contributing to a four-fold reduction of genetic differentiation during the emergence of complex societies. We finally report data from Jomon hunter-gatherers from Japan who harbored one of the earliest splitting branches of East Eurasian variation, and show an affinity among Jomon, Amur River Basin, ancient Taiwan, and Austronesian-speakers, as expected for ancestry if they all had contributions from a Late Pleistocene coastal route migration to East Asia.

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“…The Eastern Steppe has been occupied since the early Upper Paleolithic (ca. 34,000 cal BP) (Devièse et al, 2019), and recent paleogenomic studies suggest that the eastern Eurasian forest-steppe zone was genetically structured during the Pre-Bronze and Early Bronze Age periods, with a strong west-east admixture cline of ancestry stretching from Botai in central Kazakhstan to Lake Baikal in southern Siberia to Devil’s Gate Cave in the Russian Far East (de Barros Damgaard et al, 2018; Jeong et al, 2018; Sikora et al, 2019; Siska et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dynamic 6,000-year genetic history of Eurasia’s Eastern Steppe

Jeong

Wang

Wilkin

et al. 2020

Preprint

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SummaryThe Eastern Eurasian Steppe was home to historic empires of nomadic pastoralists, including the Xiongnu and the Mongols. However, little is known about the region’s population history. Here we reveal its dynamic genetic history by analyzing new genome-wide data for 214 ancient individuals spanning 6,000 years. We identify a pastoralist expansion into Mongolia ca. 3000 BCE, and by the Late Bronze Age, Mongolian populations were biogeographically structured into three distinct groups, all practicing dairy pastoralism regardless of ancestry. The Xiongnu emerged from the mixing of these populations and those from surrounding regions. By comparison, the Mongols exhibit much higher Eastern Eurasian ancestry, resembling present-day Mongolic-speaking populations. Our results illuminate the complex interplay between genetic, sociopolitical, and cultural changes on the Eastern Steppe.

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Genome-wide data from two early Neolithic East Asian individuals dating to 7700 years ago

Abstract: Early Neolithic (~7700-year-old) genetic data from the Russian Far East implies a high level of genetic continuity in this region.

Cited by 98 publications

References 80 publications

Characterizing the genetic history of admixture across inner Eurasia

Characterizing the genetic history of admixture across inner Eurasia

The Genomic Formation of Human Populations in East Asia

A dynamic 6,000-year genetic history of Eurasia’s Eastern Steppe

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