Genome-wide expression analysis of carboxylesterase (CXE) gene family implies GBCXE49 functional responding to alkaline stress in cotton

Abstract

Background Carboxylesterase (CXE) is a type of hydrolase with α/β sheet hydrolase activity widely found in animals, plants and microorganisms, which plays an important role in plant growth, development and resistance to stress. Results A total of 72, 74, 39, 38 CXE genes were identified in Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium raimondii and Gossypium arboreum, respectively. The gene structure and expression pattern were analyzed. The GBCXE genes were divided into 6 subgroups, and the chromosome distribution of members of the family were mapped. Analysis of promoter cis-acting elements showed that most GBCXE genes contain cis-elements related to plant hormones (GA, IAA) or abiotic stress. These 6 genes we screened out were expressed in the root, stem and leaf tissues. Combined with the heat map, GBCXE49 gene was selected for subcellular locate and confirmed that the protein was expressed in the cytoplasm. Conclusions The collinearity analysis of the CXE genes of the four cotton species in this family indicated that tandem replication played an indispensable role in the evolution of the CXE gene family. The expression patterns of GBCXE gene under different stress treatments indicated that GBCXE gene may significantly participate in the response to salt and alkaline stress through different mechanisms. Through the virus-induced gene silencing technology (VIGS), it was speculated that GBCXE49 gene was involved in the response to alkaline stress in G. barbadense.

Deciphering the Genetic Basis of Root and Biomass Traits in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) through the Integration of GWAS and RNA-Seq under Nitrogen Stress

“…For example, BnaA09g04260D, a major hub gene in the MEsalmon module and located in the region of the QTL cluster qcA09-1, encodes a major facilitator superfamily protein, whose homologous AtSTP13 had a potential role in root growth responses and nitrogen uptake under nitrogen-starved conditions [ 56 , 57 , 58 ]. Another hub gene in the MEsalmon module and the qcA09-1 region, BnaA09g05270D, has been reported to have a crucial role in regulating root gravitropism and elongation against various environmental stresses [ 59 , 60 ]. An overlapped candidate gene between the MEbrown module and qcA09-2, BnaA09g08440D, a member of the NPY gene family (AtNPY1), had a crucial role in root gravitropism in A.thaliana [ 61 ].…”

Comprehensive analysis of the carboxylesterase gene reveals that NtCXE22 regulates axillary bud growth through strigolactone metabolism in tobacco

“…CXEs are enzymes with α/β-folding domains that catalyze the hydrolysis of esters and amides and play a role in many physiological reactions in plants ( Mindrebo et al., 2016 ; Lin et al., 2017 ). The functions of CXE genes have been extensively investigated in Arabidopsis , cotton, peaches, and other plants, but there are few studies on tobacco, despite it being a model plant ( Yang et al., 2008 ; Cao et al., 2019 ; Rui et al., 2022 ). Based on our results, 49 CXE genes were identified and characterized in tobacco, which is more than in Arabidopsis (20), peach (33), and apple (16) ( Schaffer et al., 2007 ; Mindrebo et al., 2016 ; Lin et al., 2017 ).…”

“…Hydrolysis of natural compounds may cause changes in the biological activity and transport of CXEs, which play important roles in plants. At present, 20 CXE genes have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana ( Marshall et al., 2003 ), 16 in Malus domestica ( Schaffer et al., 2007 ), 33 in Prunus persica ( Cao et al., 2019 ), and 72 in Gossypium barbadense ( Rui et al., 2022 ). Plant CXE isoenzymes are found in multiple organs, at various developmental stages, and in various parts of cells ( Nomura et al., 2015 ; Abdel-Daim et al., 2018 ).…”

“…CXEs also participate in the regulation of plant tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. For example, GBCXE49 regulates the tolerance of cotton to alkali stress ( Rui et al., 2022 ); AtCXE8 enhances plant resistance to gray mold, with the knockout of this gene increasing plant susceptibility ( Lee et al., 2013 ); and NbCXE is a novel resistance-related gene that inhibits the accumulation of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in tobacco plants ( Guo and Wong, 2020 ). CXEs participate in the activation of plant hormone-signaling substances, regulating IAA metabolism in immature maize endosperm tissues ( Kowalczyk et al., 2003 ).…”

Research Advances and Prospects of Orphan Genes in Plants

“…Thus, the significance of choosing such OGs to study their functions may be greater. Recently, about 90% of the Carboxylesterase (CXE) genes of the four cotton species were found to have a Ka/Ks ratio of less than 1 after determination, which indicating that the family genes were affected strong purification options (Rui et al, 2022). The Brassica napus BnSDGs (SET domain genes) were proven to be under strong purifying selection during the evolution after Ka/Ks determination (Sehrish et al, 2022).…”