Genome Wide Host Gene Expression Analysis in Chicken Lungs Infected with Avian Influenza Viruses

Abstract

The molecular pathogenesis of avian influenza infection varies greatly with individual bird species and virus strain. The molecular pathogenesis of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) or the low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) infection in avian species remains poorly understood. Thus, global immune response of chickens infected with HPAI H5N1 (A/duck/India/02CA10/2011) and LPAI H9N2 (A/duck/India/249800/2010) viruses was studied using microarray to identify crucial host genetic components responsive to these infection. HPAI H5N1 virus induced excessive expression of type I IFNs (IFNA and IFNG), cytokines (IL1B, IL18, IL22, IL13, and IL12B), chemokines (CCL4, CCL19, CCL10, and CX3CL1) and IFN stimulated genes (OASL, MX1, RSAD2, IFITM5, IFIT5, GBP 1, and EIF2AK) in lung tissues. This dysregulation of host innate immune genes may be the critical determinant of the severity and the outcome of the influenza infection in chickens. In contrast, the expression levels of most of these genes was not induced in the lungs of LPAI H9N2 virus infected chickens. This study indicated the relationship between host immune genes and their roles in pathogenesis of HPAIV infection in chickens.

Dynamic analysis of expression of chemokine and cytokine gene responses to H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses in DF‐1 cells

“…IL8L1 and IL8L2, CCL5 and SCYA4 vary with the subtype of AIV and infective dose. Although expression of XLC1, CCLi10 and CCL19 is upregulated in H5N1 or H9N2 infection in chickens or ducks , expression of XCL1, CCLi10 and CCL19 was not detected in DF‐1 cells infected with H5N1 and H9N2 AIVs. This may be because the complexity of the organism is far greater than that of a single cell type, and the host's immune system may be involved.…”

Antiviral responses against chicken respiratory infections: Focus on avian influenza virus and infectious bronchitis virus

“…Conversely, the IFITM5 gene is down-regulated in the lung tissues following infection of chickens with LPAIV H9N2. It is suggested that this dysregulation of IFITM5 gene may contribute to the severity and the outcome of the influenza infection in chickens [120].…”

Differential immune response to Eimeria maxima infection in fast‐ and slow‐growing broiler genotypes

“…We then used this data to compare the expression of genes of interest in both Ross 308 and Ranger Classic (slow growing) broilers by PCR. Custom Agilent 4x44 K microarrays based on the V2 Chicken Gene Expression Array (Agilent Technologies), similar to those previously reported, were used for the microarray hybridization. Five samples each of healthy and infected birds were processed for hybridization using the Agilent Low Input Quick Amp Labelling protocol.…”