Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of calmodulin-like proteins in cucumber

Abstract

Background The calmodulin-like (CML) protein is a crucial Ca2+-binding protein that can sense and conduct the Ca2+ signal in response to extracellular stimuli. The CML protein families have been identified and characterized in many species. Nevertheless, scarce information on cucumber CML is retrievable. Methods In this study, bioinformatic analyses, including gene structure, conserved domain, phylogenetic relationship, chromosome distribution, and gene synteny, were comprehensively performed to identify and characterize CsCML gene members. Spatiotemporal expression analysis in different organs and environment conditions were assayed with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results Forty-four CsCMLs family members were well characterized, and the results showed that the 44 CsCML proteins contained one to four EF-hand domains without other functional domains. Most of the CsCML proteins were intron-less and unevenly distributed on seven chromosomes; two tandemly duplicated gene pairs and three segmentally duplicated gene pairs were identified in the cucumber genome. Cis-acting element analysis showed that the hormone, stress, and plant growth and development-related elements were in the promotor regions. In addition, spatiotemporal expression analysis revealed distinctive expression patterns for CsCML genes in different tissues and environmental conditions, and a putative protein interaction network also confirmed their potential role in responding to various stimuli. These results provide a foundation for understanding CsCMLs and provide a theoretical basis for further study of the physiological functions of CsCMLs.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of calmodulin and calmodulin-like genes in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) and their involvement in flower and fruit development

“…Systematic identification and investigations of the CaM / CML genes in various species would further increase our understanding of their evolution and functions, which has been performed in many model plants and crops, such as Arabidopsis [ 30 ], rice ( Oryza Sativa L.) [ 31 ], grapevine ( Vitis amurensis ) [ 32 ], tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) [ 33 ], apple ( Malus × domestica ) [ 34 ], Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) [ 35 ]. However, the CaM / CML gene has not been systematically identified and analyzed in passion fruit, an important tropical fruit crop.…”