Background
WUSCHEL
-related homeobox (
WOX
) genes encoding plant-specific homeobox (HB) transcription factors play important roles in the growth and development of plants. To date,
WOX
genes has been identified and analyzed in many polyploids (such as cotton and tobacco), but the evolutionary analysis of them during polyploidization is rare. With the completion of genome sequencing, allotetraploid
Brassica napus
and its diploid progenitors (
B. rapa
and
B. oleracea
) are a good system for studying this question.
Results
In this study, 52, 25 and 29
WOX
genes were identified in allotetraploid
B. napus
(2n = 4x = 38, A
n
C
n
), the A
n
genome donor
B. rapa
(2n = 2x = 20, A
r
) and the C
n
genome donor
B. oleracea
(2n = 2x = 18, C
o
), respectively. All identified
WOX
genes in
B. napus
and its diploid progenitors were divided into three clades, and these genes were selected to perform gene structure and chromosome location analysis. The results showed that at least 70 and 67% of
WOX
genes maintained the same gene structure and relative position on chromosomes, respectively, indicating that
WOX
genes in
B. napus
were highly conserved at the DNA level during polyploidization. In addition, the analysis of duplicated genes and transposable elements (TEs) near
WOX
genes showed that whole-genome triplication (WGT) events, segmental duplication and abundant TEs played important roles in the expansion of the
WOX
gene family in
B. napus
. Moreover, the analysis of the expression profiles of
WOX
gene pairs with evolutionary relationships suggested that the
WOX
gene family may have changed at the transcriptional regulation level during polyploidization.
Conclusions
The results of this study increased our understanding of the
WOX
genes in
B. napus
and its diploid progenitors, providing a rich resource for further study of
WOX
genes in these species. In addition, the changes in
WOX
genes during the process of polyploidization were discussed from the aspects of gene number, gene structure, gene relative location and gene expression, which provides a reference for future polyploidization analysis.
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