Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Characterization of Stress Related Glyoxalase Genes in Brassica napus L.

Abstract

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is not only one of the most important oil crops in the world, but it is also an important vegetable crop with a high value nutrients and metabolites. However, rapeseed is often severely damaged by adverse stresses, such as low temperature, pathogen infection and so on. Glyoxalase I (GLYI) and glyoxalase II (GLYII) are two enzymes responsible for the detoxification of a cytotoxic metabolite methylglyoxal (MG) into the nontoxic S-D-lactoylglutathione, which plays crucial roles in stress tolerance in plants. Considering the important roles of glyoxalases, the GLY gene families have been analyzed in higher plans, such as rice, soybean and Chinese cabbage; however, little is known about the presence, distribution, localizations and expression of glyoxalase genes in rapeseed, a young allotetraploid. In this study, a total of 35 BnaGLYI and 30 BnaGLYII genes were identified in the B. napus genome and were clustered into six and eight subfamilies, respectively. The classification, chromosomal distribution, gene structure and conserved motif were identified or predicted. BnaGLYI and BnaGLYII proteins were mainly localized in chloroplast and cytoplasm. By using publicly available RNA-seq data and a quantitative real-time PCR analysis (qRT-PCR), the expression profiling of these genes of different tissues was demonstrated in different developmental stages as well as under stresses. The results indicated that their expression profiles varied among different tissues. Some members are highly expressed in specific tissues, BnaGLYI11 and BnaGLYI27 expressed in flowers and germinating seed. At the same time, the two genes were significantly up-regulated under heat, cold and freezing stresses. Notably, a number of BnaGLY genes showed responses to Plasmodiophora brassicae infection. Overexpression of BnGLYI11 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings confirmed that this gene conferred freezing tolerance. This study provides insight of the BnaGLYI and BnaGLYII gene families in allotetraploid B. napus and their roles in stress resistance, and important information and gene resources for developing stress resistant vegetable and rapeseed oil.

Genome-wide analysis and expression profiling of glyoxalase gene families in oat (Avena sativa) indicate their responses to abiotic stress during seed germination

“…Furthermore, the gene duplication events analysis of AsGLX1 , AsGLX2 , and AsGLX3 genes showed that only AsGLX1 and AsGLX3 gene families had tandem duplications, while none of the three families had segmental duplications. In contrast, in O. sativa , Arabidopsis , B. napus and G. max , gene duplications of GLX1 and GLX2 genes were caused by the segmental duplication, rather than tandem duplication ( Mustafiz et al., 2011 ; Ghosh and Islam, 2016 ; Yan et al., 2023 ). Therefore, there are significant differences in gene duplication events that occur in the glyoxalase families in different plant species.…”

“…The identification and functional analysis of the glyoxalase gene family members have gained significant attention due to the diverse functions of glyoxalase enzymes. Although GLX1 and GLX2 genes have been genome-wide identified in model plants and important crops, such as Arabidopsis ( Mustafiz et al., 2011 ), O. sativa ( Mustafiz et al., 2011 ), Sorghum bicolor ( Bhowal et al., 2020 ), Glycine max ( Ghosh and Islam, 2016 ), and Brassica rapa ( Yan et al., 2018 ), the genome-wide identification on GLX3 is limited ( Li et al., 2019 ; Jana et al., 2021 ; Yan et al., 2023 ). Notably, both GLX1 and GLX2 genes in these species have multiple members with diverse subcellular localizations ( Li, 2016 ).…”

Genome-wide characterization of SDR gene family and its potential role in seed dormancy of Brassica napus L.

“…Neighbor-Joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA7.0 [ 20 ]. Bootstrap analysis was conducted with 1000 replications [ 21 ]. Then the evolutionary tree was visualized by using the online website iTOL ( https://itol.embl.de/ ).…”

Disease resistance ofBrassica junceatoSclerotinia sclerotiorumis established through the induction of indole glucosinolate biosynthesis

“…The raw RNA sequencing data were filtered by a Perl script following the steps of the published work (Wu et al 2016) and our previous study (Khattak et al 2019, Wan et al 2023). DESeq2 v1.6.3 was used for differential gene expression analysis between different samples with three biological replicates under the theoretical basis obeys the hypothesis of the negative binomial distribution for the count value.…”