Genome-wide identification of the histone acetyltransferase gene family in Triticum aestivum

Abstract

Background Histone acetylation is a ubiquitous and reversible post-translational modification in eukaryotes and prokaryotes that is co-regulated by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC). HAT activity is important for the modification of chromatin structure in eukaryotic cells, affecting gene transcription and thereby playing a crucial regulatory role in plant development. Comprehensive analyses of HAT genes have been performed in Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, barley, grapes, tomato, litchi and Zea mays, but comparable identification and analyses have not been conducted in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Results In this study, 31 TaHATs were identified and divided into six groups with conserved gene structures and motif compositions. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to predict functional similarities between Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa and Triticum aestivum HAT genes. The TaHATs appeared to be regulated by cis-acting elements such as LTR and TC-rich repeats. The qRT–PCR analysis showed that the TaHATs were differentially expressed in multiple tissues. The TaHATs in expression also responded to temperature changes, and were all significantly upregulated after being infected by barley streak mosaic virus (BSMV), Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) and wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV). Conclusions These results suggest that TaHATs may have specific roles in the response to viral infection and provide a basis for further study of TaHAT functions in T. aestivum plant immunity.

Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the WRKY Gene Family and Cold Stress Response in Acer truncatum

“…To predict the exon-intron structure, the gene structure of all candidate A. truncatum WRKY genes was identified by TBtools (used A._truncatum .gff and genes ID), and TBtools software was used for visualization (from GTF/GFF3 File) [ 32 , 33 ]. At the same time, TBtools was used to determine the chromosomal location of the AtruWRKY genes, and their gene ID and sequences were used as the basic data for the searches.…”

Cauliflower mosaic virus P6 Dysfunctions Histone Deacetylase HD2C to Promote Virus Infection

“…Furthermore, the expression of SIP428, an SIR2-type HDAC in tobacco, showed a slight decrease in response to TMV infection [ 29 ]. Recently, it was reported that a list of histone acetyltransferases (HAT) showed elevated expression when the inoculation with RNA virus occur in Triticum aestivum [ 45 ]. Although a previous report had confirmed that histone deacetylase NbHDA6 influenced the infection of TYLCV, a DNA virus, through interaction with methyltransferase 1 (MET1) and TYLCV V2 protein [ 28 ], there is no evidence to prove whether histone acetylation and deacetylation regulate the stress response to DNA virus pathogens.…”

“…Pathogen-induced histone modification is a hotspot of research. Histone acetylation and deacetylation were involved in host defense responses to virus pathogens [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 45 , 50 ]. HD2C is a well-studied and characterized HDAC, whose function is established not only in plant development but in plant abiotic and biotic stress responses [ 14 ].…”

Genome-wide investigation of histone acetyltransferase gene family and their responses to biotic and abiotic stress in foxtail millet (Setaria italica [L.] P. Beauv)

“…27), and wheat (31) (ref. 41). From the phylogenetic analysis, it can be seen that three sister pairs, one triplet, and one quadruplet were identi ed within the SiHAT family.…”