Genome-wide microRNA profiling of bovine milk-derived exosomes infected with Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Bovine milk is rich in exosomes, which contain abundant miRNAs and play important roles in the regulation of neonatal growth and development of adaptive immunity. Here, we analyzed miRNA expression profiles of bovine milk exosomes from three healthy and three mastitic cows, and then six miRNA libraries were constructed. Interestingly, we detected no scRNAs and few snRNAs in milk exosomes; this result indicated a potential preference for RNA packaging in milk exosomes. A total of 492 known and 980 novel exosomal miRNAs were detected, and the 10 most expressed miRNAs in the six samples accounted for 80-90% of total miRNA-associated reads. Expression analyses identified 18 miRNAs with significantly different expression between healthy and infected animals; the predicted target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were significantly enriched in immune system process, response to stimulus, growth, etc. Moreover, target genes were significantly enriched in several Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways including inflammatory, immune, and cancer pathways. Our survey provided comprehensive information about milk exosomes and exosomal miRNAs involved in mastitis. Moreover, the differentially expressed miRNAs, especially miR-223 and miR-142-5p, could be considered as potential candidates for mastitis.

Salivary microR‐153 and microR‐223 Levels as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers of Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease

“…Fourth, we previously observed increased salivary HO‐1 concentrations in PD patients when compared with healthy controls . Native and misfolded proteins as well as miRNAs can be stably packaged in neural microvesicles and transported to peripheral biofluids (blood, urine, saliva, breast milk) via exosomal delivery . With regard to PD, exosomes have been shown to participate in α‐synuclein aggregation, externalization, intercellular transmission, and toxicity .…”

Milk MicroRNAs in Health and Disease

“…Some of the first links between milk microRNA and disease or development were explored in bovine milk in view of using milk microRNAs as biomarkers for mammary gland infections; especially mastitis (Lai et al., , ;), staphylococcus infection (Cai et al., ; Sun et al., ), and tuberculosis (Iannaccone et al., ). In these studies, immunity‐related microRNAs were overexpressed in milk samples from infected cows, thereby allowing their use as biomarkers of disease.…”

“…Overall, research on milk microRNA as biomarkers has led to interesting findings, especially in the context of infections. In most studies, immune‐modulating microRNAs, among which is bta‐miR‐223, were good targets to monitor infection status as they were highly stable in milk and their levels were impacted by mammary gland status (Benmoussa et al., ; Cai et al., ; Essandoh & Fan, ; Sun et al., ). There are important changes in milk microRNA profiles in health and disease, especially during infections and cancer.…”

“…The majority of studies have only investigated this matter in silico using microRNA‐target identification tools and associated pathways/gene ontology analysis (Alsaweed et al., , ; Cai et al., , ; Carney et al., ; Chen et al., , , ; Chokeshaiusaha, Sananmuang, Puthier, & Nguyen, ; Do, Li, Dudemaine, & Ibeagha‐Awemu, ; Golan‐Gerstl, Elbaum Shiff, et al., ; Gu et al., , ; Hou et al., ; Kang et al., ; Li et al., , ; Liao et al., ; Liu et al., ; Lukasik & Zielenkiewicz, ; Modepalli et al., ; Munch et al., ; Shen et al., ; Simpson et al., ; Sun et al., ; Wang et al., ; Zhang et al., ; Zhou et al., ).…”

GlialHMOX1expression promotes central and peripheral α‐synuclein dysregulation and pathogenicity in parkinsonian mice

“…Our data may favor the latter hypothesis insofar as (a) selective overexpression of HMOX1 in astrocytes reduced serum concentrations of miR-153 and increased levels of α-synuclein in circulating erythrocytes and (b) a tissue survey disclosed no evidence of promoter leakage and off-target transgene expression in the GFAP.HMOX1 mice (Song, Zukor, Lin, Hascalovici, et al, 2012). Neural miRNAs, native and misfolded proteins, and lipids may be stably packaged in microvesicles and conveyed to blood and other peripheral biofluids (urine, saliva, breast milk) via exosomal delivery (Alexander et al, 2015;Cai et al, 2018;Haqqani et al, 2013; Moldovan, Batte, Wang, Wisler, & Piper, 2013;Valadi et al, 2007). In the case of PD, exosomes have been shown to participate in α-synuclein aggregation, externalization, intercellular transmission, and toxicity (Cai et al, 2018;Lee, Bae, & Lee, 2014).…”