Genomic analysis, antibiotic resistance, and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus from food and food outbreaks: A potential public concern

Li, Xin; Zhang, Jing; Zhang, Huiling; Shi, Xuening; Wang, Juan; Li, Kewei; Liang, Jiyue; Xu, Xuemei; Wang, Zhao; Zhao, Chao

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109825

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Additionally, none of the strains analyzed in this work display resistance to vancomycin, erythromycin, linezolid or chloramphenicol. In the case of erythromycin, this differs from other studies on strains from food and clinical settings where the prevalence was high ( Fernandes et al., 2022 ; Li et al., 2022 ). In contrast, the results obtained for linezolid and chloramphenicol are similar to those reported for S. aureus from human and food origin ( Wang et al., 2021 ) and milk ( Oliveira et al., 2022 ) where resistance to these compounds was absent or low.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Prevalence of virulence- and antibiotic resistance-associated genotypes and phenotypes in Staphylococcus aureus strains from the food sector compared to clinical and cow mastitis isolates

Jurado,

Fernández,

Rodríguez

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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BackgroundInfections by the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus currently represent one of the most serious threats to human health worldwide, especially due to the production of enterotoxins and the ability to form biofilms. These structures and the acquisition of antibiotic resistance limit the action of antibiotics and disinfectants used to combat this microorganism in the industry and the clinic.MethodsThis work reports a comparative phenotypic and genotypic study of 18 S. aureus strains from different origins: clinical samples, milk from mastitic cows and food industry surfaces, most of which were isolated in Northern Spain.ResultsGenetically, the strains were very diverse but, in most cases, a closer proximity was observed for those from the same source. Notably, the average number of virulence genes was not significantly different in strains from the food sector. Of the 18 strains, 10 coded for at least one enterotoxin, and four of them carried 6 or 7 enterotoxin genes. The latter were all veterinary or clinical isolates. Most strains carried prophages, plasmids and/or pathogenicity islands. Regarding antibiotic resistance, although phenotypically all strains showed resistance to at least one antibiotic, resistance genes were only identified in 44.5% of strains, being mastitis isolates those with the lowest prevalence. Virulence-related phenotypic properties such as haemolytic activity, staphyloxanthin production, biofilm-forming capacity and spreading ability were widely distributed amongst the isolates.ConclusionsOur results indicate that production of virulence factors, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation can be found in S. aureus isolates from diverse environments, including the food industry, although some of these traits are more prevalent in strains isolated from infections in cows or humans. This emphasizes on the importance of monitoring the spread of these determinants not only in samples from the clinical environment, but also along the food chain, a strategy that falls under the prism of a one-health approach.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Prevalence of virulence- and antibiotic resistance-associated genotypes and phenotypes in Staphylococcus aureus strains from the food sector compared to clinical and cow mastitis isolates

Jurado,

Fernández,

Rodríguez

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Most isolates of upstream belonged to ST9, ST88, and ST398, which are related to LA-MRSA ( 9 , 25 , 26 ), indicating that S. aureus from upstream mostly originated from pig farms. In contrast, ST7, ST97, and ST1 were more frequent sequence types in downstream, suggesting that they are more likely from the slaughter environment and workers ( 27 – 30 ). These findings suggested that the surveillance of S. aureus contamination in the farms may have limited risk assessment capabilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Heterogeneity and transmission of food safety-related enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in pig abattoirs in Hubei, China

Zhu,

Wu,

Chen

et al. 2023

Microbiol Spectr

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The dissemination of Staphylococcus aureus in the pork production chain is a major food safety concern. Abattoirs can serve both as disruptor and transmitter for S. aureus . In this study, we conducted a systematic genomic epidemiology research on the prevalence, heterogeneity, and transmission of S. aureus in 3,638 samples collected from four pig abattoirs in Hubei province, China. Our findings revealed substantial heterogeneity between S. aureus recovered from samples collected at upstream (from stunning step to head-removal step) and downstream (from splitting step to chilling step) locations within the slaughter process. Overall, 966 (26.6%) samples were positive for S. aureus , with significantly higher overall prevalence for upstream samples (29.0%, 488/1,681) compared to downstream samples (24.4%, 478/1,957). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated that the isolates from the upstream exhibited significantly higher resistance proportions to different antimicrobials than those from the downstream. Whole-genome sequencing of 126 isolates revealed that ST398 (32.9%, 23/70) and ST9 (22.9%, 16/70) were more common among upstream isolates, while ST7 (35.7%, 20/56) and ST97 (28.6%, 16/56) were most frequently observed among downstream isolates. Additionally, molecular characterization analysis demonstrated that upstream isolates possessed significantly higher enterotoxigenic potential, more antimicrobial resistance genes, and S. aureus pathogenicity islands than downstream isolates. Notably, we discovered that enterotoxigenic S. aureus could be transmitted across different slaughter stages, with knives, water, and air serving as vectors. Although slaughtering processes had a substantial effect on reducing the food safety risk posed by enterotoxigenic S. aureus , the possibility of its widespread transmission should not be disregarded. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) is one of the most important foodborne pathogens, and can cause foodborne poisoning by producing enterotoxins. Pork is a preferable reservoir and its contamination often occurs during the slaughter process. Our findings revealed significant differences in the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and enterotoxigenic potential between the upstream and downstream isolates within the slaughter process. Also, it is imperative not to overlook enterotoxigenic S. aureus transmitted across all stages of the slaughter process, with notable vectors being knives, water, and air. These findings hold significant implications for policy-makers to reassess their surveillance projects, and underscore the importance of implementing effective control measures to minimize the risk of S. aureus contamination in pork production. Moreover, we provide a more compelling method of characterizing pathogen transmission based on core-SNPs of bacterial genomes.

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“…In contaminated food, microorganisms can produce thermostable toxins that can cause the development of staphylococcal poisoning (Maestri et al, 2020). S. aureus can colonize the skin and nostrils of 50% of healthy adult individuals either persistently or intermittently (Li et al, 2022). The symptoms of the disease are nausea, vomiting, cramps, prostration, low blood pressure, or temperature drop (Fazio et al, 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foodborne disease in Brazil from 2015 to 2021: an exploratory study

OLIVEIRA JUNIOR,

MATTOS,

AMARO

et al. 2023

Food Sci. Technol (Campinas)

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For food to be considered healthy, among other aspects, it must be free of contamination that could lead to the development of foodborne diseases (FBDs). The hygienic and sanitary aspects of food consumed by the population as well as its incorrect handling procedures can cause FBDs. Many contaminated foods seem to have normal sensory characteristics, without changes in texture, flavor, and odor, so often those who consume it do not have the perception and understanding that food that appears to be perfect visibly brings risk internally when consumed, which can cause an FBD. Given these considerations, this study aimed to characterize, report, and quantify the occurrence of outbreaks of FBD affected in the North, Northeast, Midwest, Southeast, and South regions of Brazil between 2015 and 2021 using as a source of data those notified via the Data Sheet Research in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). A total of 60,907 cases of food poisoning were recorded across the country due to FBD outbreaks, resulting in 71 fatalities. While the highest number of cases of foodborne outbreaks occurred in the southeast, the highest number of fatalities from FBD occurred in the north of the country. The highest percentage of FBD outbreaks occurred in homes (probably due to the period of the COVID-19 pandemic), although the causative food and the responsible microorganism remained unknown. In this way, it is possible to perceive that in addition to the underreporting that may exist and has already been reported by other articles on the subject, the numbers reported in the Brazilian health system may also demonstrate a lack of investigation into the cause of FBD.

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Genomic analysis, antibiotic resistance, and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus from food and food outbreaks: A potential public concern

Cited by 16 publications

References 45 publications

Prevalence of virulence- and antibiotic resistance-associated genotypes and phenotypes in Staphylococcus aureus strains from the food sector compared to clinical and cow mastitis isolates

Prevalence of virulence- and antibiotic resistance-associated genotypes and phenotypes in Staphylococcus aureus strains from the food sector compared to clinical and cow mastitis isolates

Heterogeneity and transmission of food safety-related enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in pig abattoirs in Hubei, China

Foodborne disease in Brazil from 2015 to 2021: an exploratory study

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