Genomic Analysis as the First Step toward Personalized Treatment in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Drug resistance mechanisms in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) still remain elusive. Although most patients initially respond to targeted therapy, acquired resistance can still develop eventually. Most of the patients suffer from intrinsic (genetic) resistance as well, suggesting that there is substantial need to broaden our knowledge in the field of RCC genetics. As molecular abnormalities occur for various reasons, ranging from single nucleotide polymorphisms to large chromosomal defects, conducting whole-genome association studies using high-throughput techniques seems inevitable. In principle, data obtained via genome-wide research should be continued and performed on a large scale for the purposes of drug development and identification of biological pathways underlying cancerogenesis. Genetic alterations are mostly unique for each histological RCC subtype. According to recently published data, RCC is a highly heterogeneous tumor. In this paper, the authors discuss the following: (1) current state-of-the-art knowledge on the potential biomarkers of RCC subtypes; (2) significant obstacles encountered in the translational research on RCC; and (3) recent molecular findings that may have a crucial impact on future therapeutic approaches.

ARHGAP24 inhibits cell cycle progression, induces apoptosis and suppresses invasion in renal cell carcinoma

“…It has been reported that the number of patients with RCC has been increasing at a continuous and rapid rate recently [3, 4]. This tumor has become the 10th most common in men and the 14th most common in women [5]. …”

Histological subtype of renal cell carcinoma significantly affects survival in the era of partial nephrectomy

“…These limitations notwithstanding, our study provides helpful insights into the impact of histological subtype in a large contemporary cohort of patients, using the most recent classification system of RCC. Modern genomic techniques have confirmed the genetic distinction between histological subtypes (24). A deeper understanding of genetic events and molecular pathways underlying the differences in RCC phenotypes would be highly relevant to the effective development of future targeted and individualised therapies.…”

Molecular Fundamentals of the Revolution in the Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma

“…Yeni RHK alt-tiplerinin tanımlanmasındaki zorluklar affymetrix teknolojisi ve cDNA mikrodizin gibi yüksek-verimli platformlu gen-ifadelenme profil haritaları ile aşılabilir. İleri genomik çalışmalar sonucunda yeni genetik değişimler belirlenerek kuşkusuz RHK'da kişiselleştirilmiş tedaviye doğru önemli bir adım atılacaktır (20). …”