Genomic Analysis of an Indian G8P[1] Caprine Rotavirus-A Strain Revealing Artiodactyl and DS-1-Like Human Multispecies Reassortment

Abstract

The surveillance studies for the presence of caprine rotavirus A (RVA) are limited in India, and the data for the whole-genome analysis of the caprine RVA is not available. This study describes the whole-genome-based analysis of a caprine rotavirus A strain, RVA/Goat-wt/IND/K-98/2015, from a goat kid in India. The genomic analysis revealed that the caprine RVA strain K-98, possess artiodactyl-like and DS-1 human-like genome constellation G8P[1]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H3. The three structural genes (VP2, VP4, and VP7) were close to caprine host having nucleotide-based identity range between 97.5 and 98.9%. Apart from them, other gene segments showed similarity with either bovine or human like genes, ultimately pointing toward a common evolutionary origin having an artiodactyl-type backbone of strain K-98. Phylogenetically, the various genes of the current study isolate also clustered inside clades comprising Human-Bovine-Caprine isolates from worldwide. The current findings add to the knowledge on caprine rotaviruses and might play a substantial role in designing future vaccines or different alternative strategies combating such infections having public health significance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the whole-genome characterization of a caprine RVA G8P[1] strain from India. Concerning the complex nature of the K-98 genome, whole-genome analyses of more numbers of RVA strains from different parts of the country are needed to comprehend the genomic nature and genetic diversity among caprine RVA.

Molecular Epidemiology of Rotavirus A in Calves: Evolutionary Analysis of a Bovine G8P[11] Strain and Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of G6 Lineages in the Americas

“…The strain 4385VT_D_BA possessed a backbone genotype constellation (non-G/P genotypes) that was shared with other RVA strains (I2-R2/R5-C2-M2-A3/A11/A13-N2-T6-E2/E12-H3) found in bovine, bovine-like, and artiodactyl bovine-like G8 strains infecting diverse animal species of the Bovidae (cattle, sheep, and goat), Cervidae (roe deer, among others), and Camelidae (guanaco and vicugna) families, as well as humans [27,28,38,39,53,54,76,[101][102][103]. Of note, the R5 genotype is particularly interesting because R5-carrying strains have been described so far in camelids and cattle from South America [27,39,54,78].…”

Genetic and phylogenetic relationship of an American caprine rotavirus B strain with equine rotavirus B

“…The RV genome contains 11 RNA segments encoding six structural proteins (VP1-VP4, VP6, and VP7) and five nonstructural proteins (NSP1-NSP5/6). Reassortment of gene segments between hosts are common in RVs due to the segmented nature of the viral genome (2)(3)(4)(5)(6). The outer capsid protein VP7 and spike protein VP4 are the major viral antigens in stimulation of RV-neutralizing antibodies and form the dual classification system for RV genotypes, which are further classified into G and P genotypes, respectively.…”