Genomic Analysis Reveals
            <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>
            Repetitive Element 1-Mediated Recombination in a Clinical Isolate

Musatovova, Oxana; Kannan, Thirumalai R; Baseman, Joel B.

doi:10.1128/iai.01621-07

Cited by 15 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Region 1, which is missing in UAB PO1, is a segment of the M129 genome from ntp 168 936 to 169 592 that codes for MPN_130 and is flanked by 24 bp direct repeats. Musatovova et al (2008) identified an orthologue to MPN_130 in the type 2 genomes. This gene, which is referred to as MPN_465 in M129, has very little amino acid sequence similarity to MPN_130.…”

Section: Major Insertions/deletionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Type 1 and type 2 strains of Mycoplasma pneumoniae form different biofilms

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Several mycoplasma species have been shown to form biofilms that confer resistance to antimicrobials and which may affect the host immune system, thus making treatment and eradication of the pathogens difficult. The present study shows that the biofilms formed by two strains of the human pathogen Mycoplasma pneumoniae differ quantitatively and qualitatively. Compared with strain UAB PO1, strain M129 grows well but forms biofilms that are less robust, with towers that are less smooth at the margins. A polysaccharide containing Nacetylglucosamine is secreted by M129 into the culture medium but found in tight association with the cells of UAB PO1. The polysaccharide may have a role in biofilm formation, contributing to differences in virulence, chronicity and treatment outcome between strains of M. pneumoniae. The UAB PO1 genome was found to be that of a type 2 strain of M. pneumoniae, whereas M129 is type 1. Examination of other M. pneumoniae isolates suggests that the robustness of the biofilm correlates with the strain type.

show abstract

Section: Major Insertions/deletionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only regions 1, 2 and 4 correlated with strain type and biofilm type, of which regions 1 and 2 have been previously described (Musatovova et al, 2008). Region 1, which is missing in UAB PO1, is a segment of the M129 genome from ntp 168 936 to 169 592 that codes for MPN_130 and is flanked by 24 bp direct repeats.…”

Section: Major Insertions/deletionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type 1 and type 2 strains of Mycoplasma pneumoniae form different biofilms

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The genome sequences of the type 1 strain and the V2a, V2c, and traditional type 2 strains were analyzed (data not shown). We found that there were many insertions or deletions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), simple sequence repeats (SSRs), small nucleotide fragments, and reported insertions or deletions of large fragment genes, including MPN130, MPN137/138 (35,36), MPN457 to MPN459 (37), and MPN586 (38). With respect to these genes, all type 2 strains, including the traditional type 2 strains and the variants V2a and V2c, showed the same genome sequence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Novel Strategy for Typing Mycoplasma pneumoniae Isolates by Use of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Coupled with ClinProTools

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The typing of Mycoplasma pneumoniae mainly relies on the detection of nucleic acid, which is limited by the use of a single gene target, complex operation procedures, and a lengthy assay time. Here, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) coupled to ClinProTools was used to discover MALDI-TOF MS biomarker peaks and to generate a classification model based on a genetic algorithm (GA) to differentiate between type 1 and type 2 M. pneumoniae isolates. Twenty-five M. pneumoniae strains were used to construct an analysis model, and 43 Mycoplasma strains were used for validation. For the GA typing model, the cross-validation values, which reflect the ability of the model to handle variability among the test spectra and the recognition capability value, which reflects the model's ability to correctly identify its component spectra, were all 100%. This model contained 7 biomarker peaks (m/z 3,318.8, 3,215.0, 5,091.8, 5,766.8, 6,337.1, 6,431.1, and 6,979.9) used to correctly identify 31 type 1 and 7 type 2 M. pneumoniae isolates from 43 Mycoplasma strains with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. The strain distribution map and principle component analysis based on the GA classification model also clearly showed that the type 1 and type 2 M. pneumoniae isolates can be divided into two categories based on their peptide mass fingerprints. With the obvious advantages of being rapid, highly accurate, and highly sensitive and having a low cost and high throughput, MALDI-TOF MS ClinProTools is a powerful and reliable tool for M. pneumoniae typing. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the most common pathogens that cause respiratory tract infections (1). The genotyping of clinical isolates is an important means for understanding the epidemiology of M. pneumoniae outbreaks. The 170-kDa protein encoded by the p1 gene is an important adhesion and antigenic factor in M. pneumoniae and is densely clustered at its terminal structure (2-4). The p1 gene contains two previously described repetitive regions, one located within the 3= region (RepMP2/3) and another located within the 5= region (RepMP4). RepMP2/3 and RepMP4 elements are present in the M. pneumoniae genome (5). M. pneumoniae clinical isolates can be categorized as type 1 or type 2 according to the sequence variation of the p1 gene (6-10). At present, among the techniques for laboratory typing to gain understanding of the epidemiology of M. pneumoniae, the most popular is molecular typing based on the p1 gene (7, 9). All M. pneumoniae isolates are classified as type 1 or type 2 according to the RepMP4 and RepMP2/3 repetitive sequences within the p1 gene. However, the genotyping of M. pneumoniae isolates based on a single gene limits our understanding of the biological characteristics of M. pneumoniae. Thus, more rapid and convenient methods for the identification and typing of M. pneumoniae are needed to perfect and supplement the present techniques. Silver nanorod array surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy was use to detect and...

show abstract

“…Despite the obvious similarities between RecA Mp and RecA Mg in both sequence and in vitro enzymatic activities, the recombination between MgPar elements in M. genitalium and RepMP elements in M. pneumoniae appears to differ in two major aspects. First, the recombination between MgPar elements seems to occur more frequently than recombination between RepMP elements (15,16,24,32). Second, recombination among MgPar elements was hypothesized to take place in a reciprocal fashion (16), whereas recombination between RepMP elements seems to occur in a nonreciprocal, unidirectional way by a mechanism reminiscent of gene conversion (18,32).…”

Section: Roles Of Recamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strong evidence, albeit indirect, for recombination among RepMP sequences has come from the observation that all naturally occurring sequence variations within the MPN141 gene originate from RepMP2/3 and RepMP4 elements located at distant sites within the M. pneumoniae genome (32). In addition, several RepMP2/3 and RepMP4 elements outside of the MPN141 gene, as well as RepMP1 elements, appeared to have recombined in a number of strains (24,32). In each of these cases, RepMP sequence information seemed to be copied from the donor site to the recipient site in a unidirectional fashion, which is indicative of a gene conversion-like mechanism of homologous DNA recombination (18,32).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mycoplasma pneumoniae MPN490 and Mycoplasma genitalium MG339 Genes Encode RecA Homologs That Promote Homologous DNA Strand Exchange

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The P1, P40, and P90 proteins of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and the MgPa and P110 proteins of Mycoplasma genitalium are immunogenic adhesion proteins that display sequence variation. Consequently, these proteins are thought to play eminent roles in immune evasive strategies. For each of the five proteins, a similar underlying molecular mechanism for sequence variation was hypothesized, i.e., modification of the DNA sequences of their respective genes. This modification is thought to result from homologous recombination of parts of these genes with repeat elements (RepMp and MgPar elements in M. pneumoniae and M. genitalium, respectively) that are dispersed throughout the bacterial genome. Proteins that are potentially involved in homologous DNA recombination have been suggested to be implicated in recombination between these repeat elements and thereby in antigenic variation. To investigate this notion, we set out to study the function of the RecA homologs that are encoded by the M. pneumoniae MPN490 and M. genitalium MG339 genes. Both proteins, which are 79% identical on the amino acid level, were found to promote recombination between homologous DNA substrates in an ATP-dependent fashion. The recombinational activities of both proteins were Mg 2؉ and pH dependent and were strongly supported by the presence of single-stranded DNA binding protein, either from M. pneumoniae or from Escherichia coli. We conclude that the MPN490-and MG339-encoded proteins are RecA homologs that have the capacity to recombine homologous DNA substrates. Thus, they may play a central role in recombination between repetitive elements in both M. pneumoniae and M. genitalium.Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a human pathogen that causes a range of respiratory infections, including atypical pneumonia. This bacterium causes up to 40% of all community-acquired pneumonias and approximately 18% of cases requiring hospitalization for children (for reviews, see references 1 and 35). The closest known relative of M. pneumoniae on the basis of sequence similarity is Mycoplasma genitalium, which is an etiological agent of various diseases of the human reproductive tract, such as urethritis (see reference 28 for a review).Although M. pneumoniae and M. genitalium represent the smallest self-replicating species regarding both cellular dimensions and genome size, it is interesting to note that a significant part of their genomes consists of repeated DNA elements. In M. pneumoniae strain M129 (6, 12), approximately 8% of the 816-kb genome is composed of variants of four different types of repetitive DNA elements (RepMP1, RepMP2/3, RepMP4, and RepMP5) (29, 34, 36), while in M. genitalium strain G-37 T , 4% of the 580-kb genome consists of MgPa repeats (or MgPar sequences) (10,26,27). Common features of the two types of repetitive elements are that (i) their representatives are similar but not identical in sequence and (ii) they are also contained in open reading frames (ORFs) encoding surface-exposed, antigenic proteins. Among these proteins is the M. pneumoniae P1 p...

show abstract

Genomic Analysis Reveals Mycoplasma pneumoniae Repetitive Element 1-Mediated Recombination in a Clinical Isolate

Cited by 15 publications

References 43 publications

Type 1 and type 2 strains of Mycoplasma pneumoniae form different biofilms

Type 1 and type 2 strains of Mycoplasma pneumoniae form different biofilms

Novel Strategy for Typing Mycoplasma pneumoniae Isolates by Use of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Coupled with ClinProTools

The Mycoplasma pneumoniae MPN490 and Mycoplasma genitalium MG339 Genes Encode RecA Homologs That Promote Homologous DNA Strand Exchange

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About