Genomic and Immunogenic Protein Diversity of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Isolated From Pigs in Great Britain: Implications for Vaccine Protection

Forde, Taya; Ratheesh, Nichith K; Harvey, William T.; Thomson, Jill R.; Williamson, Susanna; Biek, Roman; Opriessnig, Tanja

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00418

Cited by 17 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Strain 2-related isolates whereas SpaA and SpaB were found in E. rhusiopathiae (Fig. 1 B), as expected 25 , 34 . No Spa sequence was detected in E. larvae but surprisingly, a Spa protein sequence was found in E. tonsillarum (Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Comparative genomics of a novel clade shed light on the evolution of the genus Erysipelothrix and characterise an emerging species

Grazziotin

Vidal

Hoepers

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Erysipelothrix sp. isolates obtained from a deadly outbreak in farmed turkeys were sequenced and compared to representatives of the genus. Phylogenetic trees—supported by digital DNA:DNA hybridization and Average Nucleotide Identity—revealed a novel monophyletic clade comprising isolates from pigs, turkeys, and fish, including isolates previously described as E. sp. Strain 2. Genes coding for the SpaC protein, typically found in E. sp. Strain 2, were detected in all isolates of the clade. Therefore, we confirm E. sp. Strain 2 represents a unique species that may be isolated from a broad host range, and the name “Erysipelothrix takahashiae” is suggested. Core genome analysis showed that the pathogenic species of this genus, E. rhusiopathiae and the clade E. sp. Strain 2, are enriched in core functionalities related to nutrient uptake and transport, but not necessarily homologous pathways. For instance, whereas the aerobic DctA transporter may uptake C4-dicarboxylates in both species, the anaerobic DcuC transporter is exclusive of the E. sp. Strain 2. Remarkably, the pan-genome analysis uncovered that genes related to transport and metabolism, recombination and repair, translation and transcription in the fish isolate, within the novel clade, have undergone a genomic reduction through pseudogenization. This reflects distinct selective pressures shaping the genome of species and strains within the genus Erysipelothrix while adapting to their respective niches.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Comparative genomics of a novel clade shed light on the evolution of the genus Erysipelothrix and characterise an emerging species

Grazziotin

Vidal

Hoepers

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…One explanation for varying levels of IgY titers to ER between flocks may for instance be that it reflects qualitative variations in the specificity of antibodies due to differences in the ‘flock ER profile’. A large genetic variation among ER strains has been shown [ 22 , 30 ] including in genes of putative importance for immune recognition [ 31 ] and by whole genome sequencing of a large number of ER strains isolated from laying hens during outbreaks of erysipelas we have found that the genetic profile of ER is clearly associated with the farm (manuscript in preparation). Thus, the variation between flocks in levels of ER antibodies when testing with one ER strain may reflect variations in cross-reactivity of antibodies raised to different ER strains than that used to detect the antibodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Quantification of IgY to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in serum from Swedish laying hens

et al. 2021

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Background Erysipelas, caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (ER), is an important emerging disease in free-range and organic egg-production. The aim of the present study was to assess if quantification of ER specific IgY titers may aid the understanding of erysipelas in commercial laying hens. The methodology was validated with sequentially collected sera from experimentally ER infected SPF-chickens and subsequently applied on sera from Swedish commercial laying hens collected during and after outbreaks of erysipelas or collected at slaughter from healthy hens housed in furnished cages, barn production or in organic production (with outdoor access). Results In experimentally infected SPF-chickens, titers to ER were significantly increased approximately one week after infection while IgY to ER in uninfected age-matched controls remained low. Also chickens infected with low doses of ER, not displaying clinical signs of disease and with low recovery of ER in blood samples showed high titers of IgY to ER. For laying hens during and after erysipelas outbreaks the majority of samples were considered positive for antibodies to ER with a large variation in levels of IgY titers to ER between individuals. For healthy laying hens at slaughter all samples were deemed positive for antibodies to ER. An influence of flock on levels of IgY titers to ER was observed for both healthy hens and hens during erysipelas outbreaks. For healthy laying hens at slaughter no influence of the housing systems included in the study, history of erysipelas outbreaks at the farm or vaccination on levels of IgY titers to ER was noticed. Conclusions Taken together, these results show that high numbers of commercial laying hens showed high IgY titers to ER, comparable to those elicited by experimental ER infection, indicating that ER or bacteria that raises antibodies that cross-react with ER are common in this environment.

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“…Meanwhile, the number of Acinetobacter strains resistant to multiple antibiotics has increased significantly in recent years, suggesting potential biosafety risks [ 48 ]. Erysipelothrix is extensively distributed in the environment and may survive for a long period [ 49 , 50 ]. Erysipelothrix is a pathogen associated with many occupational diseases, and its pathogenesis may be related to hyaluronidase and neuraminidase produced by bacteria [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Distribution Characteristics of Aerosol Bacteria in Different Types of Pig Houses

Zhang

Liu

Dong

et al. 2022

Animals

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With the development of modern pig raising technology, the increasing density of animals in pig houses leads to the accumulation of microbial aerosols in pig houses. It is an important prerequisite to grasp the characteristics of bacteria in aerosols in different pig houses to solve the problems of air pollution and disease prevention and control in different pig houses. This work investigated the effects of growth stages on bacterial aerosol concentrations and bacterial communities in pig houses. Three traditional types of closed pig houses were studied: farrowing (FAR) houses, weaning (WEA) houses, and fattening (FAT) houses. The Andersen six-stage sampler and high-volume air sampler were used to assess the concentrations and size distribution of airborne bacteria, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to identify the bacterial communities. We found that the airborne bacterial concentration, community richness, and diversity index increased with pig age. We found that Acinetobacter, Erysipelothrix, Streptococcus, Moraxella, and Aerococcus in the microbial aerosols of pig houses have the potential risk of causing disease. These differences lead us to believe that disinfection strategies for pig houses should involve a situational focus on environmental aerosol composition on a case-by-case basis.

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Genomic and Immunogenic Protein Diversity of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Isolated From Pigs in Great Britain: Implications for Vaccine Protection

Cited by 17 publications

References 59 publications

Comparative genomics of a novel clade shed light on the evolution of the genus Erysipelothrix and characterise an emerging species

Comparative genomics of a novel clade shed light on the evolution of the genus Erysipelothrix and characterise an emerging species

Quantification of IgY to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in serum from Swedish laying hens

The Distribution Characteristics of Aerosol Bacteria in Different Types of Pig Houses

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