Genomic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Chinese sacbrood virus isolated from Loess Plateau, China

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The complete genomic RNA of the Chinese sacbrood virus (CSBV) strain, which infects the honeybees in the Loess plateau, was sequenced and analyzed. The CSBV-SX strain contains 8705 nucleotides, which includes a single large open reading frame (99-8681 nucleotides) encoding 2860 amino acids. A novel efficient identification method was used to investigate the samples infected by CSBV. The putative amino acid sequence alignment analysis showed that, except for some normal well characterized domains such as RNA helicase, RNA protease, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domains, a calicivirus coat protein domain was identified at amino acids 493-564. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that CSBV-SX was closely related to CSBV-BJ, and this result was supported by nucleotide multiple sequence alignment and protein multiple 2 H. Yu et al. Genetics and Molecular Research 15 (3): gmr.15036928 sequence alignment analysis results. These differences in the CSBV-SX strain may be related to virus adaptation to the xerothermic, low relative humidity, and strong ultraviolet radiation conditions in the Loess Plateau.

Genetic and phylogenetic analysis of Chinese sacbrood virus isolates fromApis mellifera

“…Healthy larvae treated by the same method were used as the negative control. CSBV was subsequently identified by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to exclude black queen cell virus (BQCV), acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), deformed wing virus (DWV), Kashmir bee virus (KBV), and Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), following the method reported by Yu, Liu & Wang (2016). CSBV virus samples free of other viruses were stored at −80 °C until further use.…”

“…The differences between the AC and AM genotypes may result from the adaptation of the virus to different hosts and the existence of different subgroups of the AC genotype based on regional variations (Choe et al, 2012a; Grabensteiner et al, 2001; Ma et al, 2013b). The AC genotype SBV strains were mainly isolated from Asian countries, and their hosts include A. cerana (Zhang et al, 2001; Zhang, 2012; Reddy et al, 2016, 2017; Ma et al, 2011c; Nguyen & Le, 2013; Choe et al, 2012b; Xia, Zhou & Wei, 2015; Hu et al, 2016; Yu, Liu & Wang, 2016). However, the AM genotype SBV persists in the bee colony and may cause infection of A. mellifera (Allen & Ball, 1996; Berenyi et al, 2006; Ellis & Munn, 2005; Cavigli et al, 2016; Tsevegmid, Neumann & Yañez, 2016; Desai & Currie, 2016).…”

“…The genetic characterization and phylogenetic relationship of SBV-infected honeybees collected from different hosts and various geographic regions have recently attracted attention. Previous studies have focused on the alignment, basic structure, and composition of SBV/CSBV genomes, and host-specificity and geographic differences of SBV/CSBV (Choe et al, 2012a, 2012b; Grabensteiner et al, 2001; Reddy et al, 2016, 2017; Ma et al, 2011c, 2013b; Nguyen & Le, 2013; Xia, Zhou & Wei, 2015; Hu et al, 2016; Yu, Liu & Wang, 2016; Zhang et al, 2001); however, it is unclear whether there is recombination between SBV and CSBV and if CSBV breaks through the species barrier, develops cross-infection, and causes disease (kills larvae) in A. mellifera . Using artificial infection experiments, Gong et al (2016) demonstrated that CSBV is able to infect A. mellifera , but did not observe obvious signs of the disease, which indicated low pathogenicity.…”