Genomic characterization of a fowl adenovirus serotype 4 strain isolated from a chicken with hydropericardium syndrome in Japan

Recombinant fiber-1 protein of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 induces high levels of neutralizing antibodies in immunized chickens

“…JP/LVP-1/96 (FAdV-4, GenBank accession number LC628937) was used in this study [9]. This strain was isolated from HPS-affected chickens in Japan [7,8].…”

“…In Japan, HPS outbreaks in chickens were reported on Shikoku Island from 1996 to 2001, and FAdV-4 was isolated from all of the cases [7]. Phylogenetic analysis based on the part of the hexon gene that includes the L1 region revealed that all of these FAdV-4 isolates were identical and were distinct from the cluster including FAdV-4 strains from chickens with HPS in other countries [8,9].…”

“…Fiber-2 is an important virulence factor of FAdV-4 [11], and fiber-2 and hexon play crucial roles in the pathogenicity of FAdV-4 strains [13]. Amino acid substitutions at positions 219 and 188 in the fiber-2 and hexon protein, respectively, are commonly found in virulent FAdV-4 strains, including Japanese HPS-associated isolates [9]. Importantly, these capsid proteins induce humoral and/or cellular immune responses in chickens and have been shown to be protective against HPS [14][15][16][17], suggesting their potential application as subunit vaccines.…”

Prevalence, genomic characteristics, and pathogenicity of fowl adenovirus 2 in Southern China

“…FAdVs mainly infect broilers aged 3 to 6 wk, causing specific diseases with mortality rates ranging from 10 to 80% ( Xia et al, 2017 ; Schachner et al, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2023 ). Among these diseases, hepatitis hydropericardium syndrome ( HHS ) was mainly induced by FAdV-4 and FAdV-11 ( Zhao et al, 2015 ; Sun et al, 2019 ; Mase et al, 2022 ). Our previous study found out FAdV-2 can also cause HHS in chicks in both clinical and experimental cases ( Xie et al, 2022 ).…”

Advances in Vaccine Development of the Emerging Novel Genotype Fowl Adenovirus 4

“…HHS associated with serotype 4 fowl adenovirus (FAdV-4) infection was first found and reported in Angara Goth, a region of Pakistan, in 1987, so the disease is also known as “Angara disease” ( 10 ). It was later reported in China ( 3 , 11 ), Japan ( 12 , 13 ), South Korea ( 14 ), India ( 15 ), the United States ( 16 ), Canada ( 17 ), and other countries and regions, causing huge economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Notably, since June 2015, a natural outbreak of severe HHS associated with a hypervirulent novel genotype FAdV-4 infection has emerged in most provinces of China ( 3 , 11 ).…”