Genomic evidence for the evolution of human postmenopausal longevity

Hawkes, Kristen

doi:10.1073/pnas.1522936113

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Long foraging distances and the ability to run for extended periods of time, to either follow prey or flee from danger, require endurance and increased levels of aerobic activity, which is related to the conversion of body fat into usable energy and is in stark contrast with the cardiovascular effects induced by the ε4/ε4 haplotype [171,172,173]. This likely relaxed the limitation on lifespan imposed by the deleterious allele and is in accordance with fossil dating and palaeodemographic analyses that testify an increase in the number of older individuals throughout the evolution of H. erectus and then H. sapiens [174], as well as the extension of post-reproductive lifespan in concert with the development of a hunter-gatherer lifestyle [169,175,176].…”

Section: Apoe Evolution and Variability Among Human Populationsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…The proposal of this “grandmother effect” may explain the predominance of the ε3 allele in a trans-generational way by assessing that the extension of the post-reproductive lifespan as a healthy phenotype requires the prevention of age-related cognitive decline to increase the survival of younger kin under grandparental care. Moreover, cultural transmission through generations is known to shape the social structure of modern foraging populations, which enhances the survival probability of the individuals belonging to networks that are enriched in multi-generational sharing of knowledge [175,176,193,194].…”

Section: Apoe Evolution and Variability Among Human Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Genetic Variability of APOE in Different Human Populations and Its Implications for Longevity

Abondio

Sazzini

Garagnani

et al. 2019

Genes

129

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Human longevity is a complex phenotype resulting from the combinations of context-dependent gene-environment interactions that require analysis as a dynamic process in a cohesive ecological and evolutionary framework. Genome-wide association (GWAS) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) studies on centenarians pointed toward the inclusion of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms ε2 and ε4, as implicated in the attainment of extreme longevity, which refers to their effect in age-related Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this case, the available literature on APOE and its involvement in longevity is described according to an anthropological and population genetics perspective. This aims to highlight the evolutionary history of this gene, how its participation in several biological pathways relates to human longevity, and which evolutionary dynamics may have shaped the distribution of APOE haplotypes across the globe. Its potential adaptive role will be described along with implications for the study of longevity in different human groups. This review also presents an updated overview of the worldwide distribution of APOE alleles based on modern day data from public databases and ancient DNA samples retrieved from literature in the attempt to understand the spatial and temporal frame in which present-day patterns of APOE variation evolved.

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Section: Apoe Evolution and Variability Among Human Populationsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Apoe Evolution and Variability Among Human Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetic Variability of APOE in Different Human Populations and Its Implications for Longevity

Abondio

Sazzini

Garagnani

et al. 2019

Genes

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Climate change leaves the workers in lurch who work under extreme climates 74 . The heat stress is projected to intensify health risks of population and decrease the labour capacity, particularly over tropical and sub-tropical areas 75 , 76 . The decline in work performance over India is conspicuous during 2046–2065 and 2080–2099 than during 2016–2035 (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projections of heat stress and associated work performance over India in response to global warming

Rao

Kumar

Kulkarni

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Summertime heat stress future projections from multi-model mean of 18 CMIP5 models show unprecedented increasing levels in the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 emission scenarios over India. The estimated heat stress is found to have more impact on the coastal areas of India having exposure to more frequent days of extreme caution to danger category along with the increased probability of occurrence. The explicit amount of change in temperature, increase in the duration and intensity of warm days along with the modulation in large scale circulation in future are seemingly connected to the increasing levels of heat stress over India. A decline of 30 to 40% in the work performance is projected over India by the end of the century due to the elevated heat stress levels which pose great challenges to the country policy makers to design the safety mechanisms and to protect people working under continuous extreme hot weather conditions.

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“…The importance of grandmothering in humans suggests that women alter their reproductive strategy dramatically at the age of menopause, whether as the result of a specific evolutionary adaptation [22, 23] or as a by-product from other evolutionary forces [24]. While pre-menopausal women focus on producing and raising their own offsprings, post-menopausal women focus on providing alloparental care to their grandchildren, a form of care which has been crucial to human development [25] and remains important for child wellbeing [16, 26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communication with Family and Friends across the Life Course

et al. 2016

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Each stage of the human life course is characterised by a distinctive pattern of social relations. We study how the intensity and importance of the closest social contacts vary across the life course, using a large database of mobile communication from a European country. We first determine the most likely social relationship type from these mobile phone records by relating the age and gender of the caller and recipient to the frequency, length, and direction of calls. We then show how communication patterns between parents and children, romantic partner, and friends vary across the six main stages of the adult family life course. Young adulthood is dominated by a gradual shift of call activity from parents to close friends, and then to a romantic partner, culminating in the period of early family formation during which the focus is on the romantic partner. During middle adulthood call patterns suggest a high dependence on the parents of the ego, who, presumably often provide alloparental care, while at this stage female same-gender friendship also peaks. During post-reproductive adulthood, individuals and especially women balance close social contacts among three generations. The age of grandparenthood brings the children entering adulthood and family formation into the focus, and is associated with a realignment of close social contacts especially among women, while the old age is dominated by dependence on their children.

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Genomic evidence for the evolution of human postmenopausal longevity

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

The Genetic Variability of APOE in Different Human Populations and Its Implications for Longevity

The Genetic Variability of APOE in Different Human Populations and Its Implications for Longevity

Projections of heat stress and associated work performance over India in response to global warming

Communication with Family and Friends across the Life Course

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