Genomic Features of Salmonella enterica Subspecies houtenae Serotype 45:g,z51:- Isolated from Multiple Abdominal Abscesses of an African Fat-Tailed Gecko, United States, 2020

Abstract

Salmonella enterica subsp. houtenae (S. houtenae) is a common subspecies in reptiles and has been implicated as a source of serious and life-threatening diseases in humans. Although occurrence and significance of S. houtenae infections have been extensively studied, the genetic features of S. houtenae have remained unknown due to a lack of available high-quality genome sequences. We obtained the complete genome sequence of S. houtenae 45:g,z51:- strain 20-369 isolated from multiple abdominal abscesses of an African fat-tailed gecko (Hemitheconyx caudicinctus) using Nanopore and Illumina sequencing technologies and generated the 4.65Mbp complete genome sequence of the S. houtenae str. 20-369. We annotated and analyzed the genome sequence with the aim to gain a deeper understanding of the genome characteristics associated with its pathogenicity. Overall, this study found several interesting genomic features such as pseudogene formation, virulence gene profile, and novel genomic islands. This study provides basis for an understanding possible genetic mechanism underlying pathogenicity of S. houtenae 45:g,z51:- as well as a high-quality genome reference for future comparison studies.

Multidrug-resistant CTX-M-15-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae ST 307 causing bacteremia via gut translocation in a dog

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A Comprehensive Review of the Common Bacterial Infections in Dairy Calves and Advanced Strategies for Health Management

“…The type specie s of Salmonella enterica is again subdivided into six subdivisions of Salmonella enterica subspecies based on their genomic relatedness and biochemical properties the type species. 29 Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica is the dominant subspecies affecting humans and domestic animals. 30 Currently, there are more than 2700 Salmonella serovars that are serologically identified by antigenic variation in O (lipopolysaccharide), H (flagella), and VI (capsular) antigens in accordance with the Kauffmann-White scheme.…”

Salmonella in reptiles: a review of occurrence, interactions, shedding and risk factors for human infections

“…Clinical signs of a Salmonella -associated disease in reptiles are highly variable and often non-specific. Septicaemia ( Orós et al, 1996 ; Mitchell and Shane, 2001 ; Téllez et al, 2002 ; Grupka et al, 2006 ; Köbölkuti et al, 2013 ) pneumonia ( Orós et al, 1996 ; Mitchell and Shane, 2001 ; Schroff et al, 2010 ; Sakaguchi et al, 2017 ), enterocolitis ( Sakaguchi et al, 2017 ), abscesses ( Barboza et al, 2018 ; Hyeon et al, 2021 ), osteomyelitis, especially in snakes ( Isaza et al, 2000 ; Ramsay et al, 2002 ; Grupka et al, 2006 ; Di Girolamo et al, 2014 ; Clancy et al, 2016b ; Bertolini et al, 2021 ), dermatitis ( Clancy et al, 2016a ; Sakaguchi et al, 2017 ; Bertolini et al, 2021 ), splenitis ( Sakaguchi et al, 2017 ; Bertolini et al, 2021 ), and hepatitis ( Bertolini et al, 2021 ) have all been described in multiple cases. Clinical signs observed can include anorexia, lethargy, cachexia, paresis, dyspnoea, hypovolemic shock, and sudden death ( Ramsay et al, 2002 ; Jacobson, 2007 ; Bölcskei et al, 2009 ; Gorman, 2010 ; Mayer and Donnelly, 2012 ; Silva-Hidalgo et al, 2014 ; Clancy et al, 2016a ).…”