Genomic Insights and Its Comparative Analysis with Yersinia enterocolitica Reveals the Potential Virulence Determinants and Further Pathogenicity for Foodborne Outbreaks

Gnanasekaran, Gopalsamy; Na, Eun Jung; Chung, Han Young; Kim, Su Yeon; Kim, You‐Tae; Kim, Heebal; Ryu, Sangryeol; Choi, Sang Ho; Lee, Ju-Hoon

doi:10.4014/jmb.1611.11048

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Although there are still many hurdles to address in the practical use of the KFS-YE phage, KFS-YE demonstrated excellent efficiency with the lowest MOI of 0.01. In addition, ORF analysis (data not provided) from whole genome sequencing of KFS-YE confirmed there were no toxin-related genes identified such as yst, ttcC, yadA, virF, ysa, and RTX-like toxins [38]. In future studies, KFS-YE will be directly employed to fresh produce for the reduction and prevention of Y. enterocolitica contamination for objective evaluation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of a Lytic and Highly Specific Phage against Yersinia enterocolitica as a Novel Biocontrol Agent

Gwak¹,

Choi²,

Lee³

et al. 2018

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

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Yersinia enterocolitica is a gram-negative, non-spore-forming, coccobacilli, psychrotrophic, and facultative anaerobe, which is one of three Yersinia species that are pathogenic to humans, along with Y. pestis, and Y. pseudotuberculosis [1, 2]. The most predominant natural hosts for Y. enterocolitica are animals (especially pigs). Y. enterocolitica also exists ubiquitously in water, soil, plant surfaces, and foods [3]. Although animals are the major source of Y. enterocolitica, many cases have recently been reported in which outbreaks of Y. enterocolitica were associated with fresh produce such as salad, bean sprouts and leafy vegetables [4, 5]. Yersinia infection, commonly known as yersiniosis, begins with some common symptoms such as fever, diarrhea (often bloody), and abdominal pain, which is sometimes confused with appendicitis. It is also associated with some severe complications such as skin rash, meningitis, mesenteric lymphadenitis, and sepsis [2, 3]. A European Union Summary Report [6] classified yersiniosis as the third most common zoonosis in Europe [4]. Moreover, recent findings revealed that Yersinia species had developed resistance against penicillin, ampicillin, cephalosporin, and macrolides due to the production of beta-lactamases [7]. Thus, a safe, ecofriendly and effective "green" approach is required to control Y. enterocolitica to ensure food safety and public health [8]. Bacteriophages (phages) are the most abundant entities (10 3 1-10 3 2) in nature and have recently gathered more attention as green biocontrol agents owing to several advantages, including excellent target specificity, the ability to multiply in the presence of hosts, preparation and cost efficiencies, stability in wide-ranging pH levels and temperatures, and harmlessness to humans, animals, and plants [9-11]. The necessity of novel biocontrol agents has prompted us to isolate numerous phages (mainly lytic phages) from various environments and foods [12]. Unlike lysogenic phages, the lytic phage can lyse the target bacteria by integrating their DNA into the bacterial chromosome and then replicating themselves inside the host, a trait that is preferred for their use as biocontrol agents [2, 13, 14].

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of a Lytic and Highly Specific Phage against Yersinia enterocolitica as a Novel Biocontrol Agent

Gwak¹,

Choi²,

Lee³

et al. 2018

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

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“…This enterotoxin is soluble in methanol, and it can survive boiling for 10 min [38]. In bacterial cells, the production of YST enterotoxin is controlled by yst chromosomal genes [39]. It is believed that YST enterotoxin plays a key role in the etiology of diarrhea.…”

Section: Yersinia Stable Toxin-ystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxigenic Properties of Yersinia enterocolitica Biotype 1A

Platt-Samoraj

2022

Toxins

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Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica, an etiological agent of yersiniosis, is a bacterium whose pathogenicity is determined, among other things, by its ability to produce toxins. The aim of this article was to present the most important toxins that are produced by biotype 1A strains of Y. enterocolitica, and to discuss their role in the pathogenesis of yersiniosis. Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A strains are able to synthesize variants of thermostable YST enterotoxin and play a key role in the pathogenesis of yersiniosis. Biotype 1A strains of Y. enterocolitica also produce Y. enterocolitica pore-forming toxins, YaxA and YaxB. These toxins form pores in the cell membrane of host target cells and cause osmotic lysis, which is of particular importance in systemic infections. Insecticidal toxin complex genes have been detected in some clinical biotype 1A strains of Y. enterocolitica. However, their role has not yet been fully elucidated. Strains belonging to biotype 1A have long been considered non-pathogenic. This view is beginning to change due to the emerging knowledge about the toxigenic potential of these bacteria and their ability to overcome the defense barriers of the host organism.

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“…High throughput DNA sequencing technologies, moreover, can be applied for the study of accessory elements that confer genetic diversity in prokaryotic organisms [9] as well as comparative genomics studies. These approaches have crucial roles enlightening important features, such as antimicrobial resistance [10,11], and for discovering potential virulence factors (VFs) [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Profiling of Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus Strains Used for the Production of Naturally Contaminated Cheeses

Macori

Bellio

Bianchi

et al. 2019

Genes

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Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen and an important cause of livestock infections. More than 20 staphylococcal enterotoxins with emetic activity can be produced by specific strains responsible for staphylococcal food poisoning, one of the most common food-borne diseases. Whole genome sequencing provides a comprehensive view of the genome structure and gene content that have largely been applied in outbreak investigations and genomic comparisons. In this study, six enterotoxigenic S. aureus strains were characterised using a combination of molecular, phenotypical and computational methods. The genomes were analysed for the presence of virulence factors (VFs), where we identified 110 genes and classified them into five categories: adherence (n = 31), exoenzymes (n = 28), genes involved in host immune system evasion (n = 7); iron uptake regulatory system (n = 8); secretion machinery factors and toxins’ genes (n = 36), and 39 genes coding for transcriptional regulators related to staphylococcal VFs. Each group of VFs revealed correlations among the six enterotoxigenic strains, and further analysis revealed their accessory genomic content, including mobile genetic elements. The plasmids pLUH02 and pSK67 were detected in the strain ProNaCC1 and ProNaCC7, respectively, carrying out the genes sed, ser, and selj. The genes carried out by prophages were detected in the strain ProNaCC2 (see), ProNaCC4, and ProNaCC7 (both positive for sea). The strain ProNaCC5 resulted positive for the genes seg, sei, sem, sen, seo grouped in an exotoxin gene cluster, and the strain ProNaCC6 resulted positive for seh, a transposon-associated gene. The six strains were used for the production of naturally contaminated cheeses which were tested with the European Screening Method for staphylococcal enterotoxins. The results obtained from the analysis of toxins produced in cheese, combined with the genomic features represent a portrait of the strains that can be used for the production of staphylococcal enterotoxin-positive cheese as reference material.

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Genomic Insights and Its Comparative Analysis with Yersinia enterocolitica Reveals the Potential Virulence Determinants and Further Pathogenicity for Foodborne Outbreaks

Cited by 6 publications

References 55 publications

Isolation and Characterization of a Lytic and Highly Specific Phage against Yersinia enterocolitica as a Novel Biocontrol Agent

Isolation and Characterization of a Lytic and Highly Specific Phage against Yersinia enterocolitica as a Novel Biocontrol Agent

Toxigenic Properties of Yersinia enterocolitica Biotype 1A

Genome-Wide Profiling of Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus Strains Used for the Production of Naturally Contaminated Cheeses

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