Genomic Instability in Peripheral Blood and Buccal Mucosal Cells of Marijuana Smokers: The Impact of Tobacco Smoke

Souza, Daniel Vitor de; Cláudio, Samuel Rangel; Silva, Camila Lima Feitosa Da; Marangoni, Kevin Pereira; Peres, Rogerio Correa; Ribeiro, Daniel Araki

doi:10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.5.1235

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In contrast, low doses of THC are usually not associated with genotoxicity ( 20 , 47 – 49 ). Interestingly and similar to our results, Souza et al, reported genetic damage in PBLs from marijuana users using a comet assay, and increased MNs in the buccal mucosa of marijuana and tobacco users but not in marijuana mono-users, in comparison to a control group ( 50 ). It is important to highlight that the consumption of tobacco per se can potentiate the amount of damage, on a dose-dependent fashion ( 51 – 53 ), thus our results suggest that tobacco consumption could potentiate the effects of marijuana.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Interestingly, the mode of consumption and administration of marijuana might be responsible for the discrepancies observed on the reported effects of marijuana ( 50 ), and evidence suggest that the protective effects of marijuana are lost when it enters the body through the respiratory tract, similar to tobacco smoke, and then its harmful effects might appear. In fact, marijuana and tobacco smoke show striking similarities in terms of their physical and chemical properties ( 15 , 16 , 54 ), several of them classified as carcinogenic by the IARC ( 13 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotoxicity of Marijuana in Mono-Users

et al. 2021

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Marijuana (Cannabis sp.) is among the most recurred controlled substances in the world, and there is a growing tendency to legalize its possession and use; however, the genotoxic effects of marijuana remain under debate. A clear definition of marijuana's genotoxic effects remains obscure by the simultaneous consumption of tobacco and other recreational substances. In order to assess the genotoxic effects of marijuana and to prevent the bias caused by the use of substances other than cannabis, we recruited marijuana users that were sub-divided into three categories: (1) users of marijuana-only (M), (2) users of marijuana and tobacco (M+T), and (3) users of marijuana plus other recreative substances or illicit drugs (M+O), all the groups were compared against a non-user control group. We quantified DNA damage by detection of γH2AX levels and quantification of micronuclei (MN), one of the best-established methods for measuring chromosomal DNA damage. We found increased levels of γH2AX in peripheral blood lymphocytes from the M and M+T groups, and increased levels of MNs in cultures from M+T group. Our results suggest a DNA damage increment for M and M+T groups but the extent of chromosomal damage (revealed here by the presence of MNs and NBuds) might be related to the compounds found in tobacco. We also observed an elevated nuclear division index in all marijuana users in comparison to the control group suggesting a cytostatic dysregulation caused by cannabis use. Our study is the first in Mexico to assess the genotoxicity of marijuana in mono-users and in combination with other illicit drugs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity of Marijuana in Mono-Users

et al. 2021

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“…BMCyt assay use has spread widely since it is minimally invasive, painless, easily accessible, and represents the first barrier cells of the respiratory and digestive tracts, furthermore, it is considered a marker of some systemic conditions (Celik et al, 2010; Kashyap & Reddy, 2012). In addition, BMCyt assay is a predictive marker, that evaluates nuclear anomalies associated with genotoxicity (micronucleus [MNs] and nuclear buds [NBUDs]), stages of early (abnormally condensed chromatin [CC]) and late (karyorrhexis [KR]) apoptotic processes, alternative forms of nuclear disintegration (pyknotic nuclei [PN]), cytokinesis defects (binucleated cell [BN]), and advanced stages of cell death (karyolysis [KL]), and their increase is associated with genotoxic and cytotoxic processes, and cancer (Bolognesi et al, 2013; Burgaz et al, 2011; Fenech et al, 2011; Holland et al, 2008; Malacarne et al, 2021; Motgi et al, 2014; Souza et al, 2020; Stich & Rosin, 1983; Thomas & Fenech, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenotoxicity effects in addicts with multidrug consumption

González‐Santiago,

Gómez‐Cabrera,

Baptista‐Rosas

et al. 2024

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Drug abuse is considered a global health problem with serious social impact. In recent decades, changes in drug consumption patterns have shown a clear rising trend in the use of multiple drugs. Although the buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay has evaluated cytotoxicity in drug abuse, there has not been an approach that takes into account this pattern of multiple drug use. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate for the first time the cytogenotoxic effects in multidrug users, and its correlation with the amount consumed and years of abuse. This study was conducted on 166 individuals by the BMCyt assay. A total of 83 individuals with a history of multiple licit (alcohol and tobacco) and at least one illicit drug abuse (marijuana, methamphetamines, cocaine, and/or inhalants), and 83 healthy individuals, non‐drug abusers were analyzed. The results showed that drug abusers had higher frequencies of nuclear abnormalities nuclear buds, binucleated cells, pyknotic nuclei (PNs), karyorrhexis (KX), and abnormally condensed chromatin when compared with healthy controls. Moreover, results suggests that the use of licit and illicit drugs is related to cytogenotoxic damage, as was shown by an upward trend in the frequency of nuclear abnormalities identified in groups 1 (alcohol + tobacco + at least one illicit drug) and 2 (tobacco + at least one illicit drug). Furthermore, a positive correlation was found in the different groups, between the years and the amount of consumption of some drugs (alcohol, methamphetamine, and tobacco) with cytotoxicity markers such as KL, KX, and PNs.

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“…Additionally, the BMCyt assay is employed as a predictive marker, as micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities (NA) serve as indicators of DNA damage and cell death. Their increase is associated with genotoxic, cytotoxic, and cancerous processes [21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amelioration of Cytogenotoxic Damage in Drug Abusers Supplemented with Folic Acid

Gómez-Cabrera,

González-Santiago,

Rodríguez-Mora

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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Background: Cytogenotoxic damage caused by the consumption of legal and illegal drugs in drug abusers has been demonstrated, primarily due to alterations in their antioxidant capacity, cellular repair mechanisms, and increased production of free radicals. Folic acid shows antioxidant activity by acting as a reducing agent, neutralizing present free radicals, and reducing genomic damage. Methods: The intervention involved administering 15 mg of folic acid, divided into three doses per day, to a group of 44 drug abusers. The frequency of nuclear abnormalities (NAs) was determined; micronuclei (MNs), nuclear buds (NBUDs), binucleated cells (BNs), abnormally condensed chromatin (CC), karyorrhexis (KX), pyknotic nuclei (PNs), and karyolysis (KL) were determined at different pre-treatment (baseline) and post-treatment time points at 15 and 30 days. Additionally, a group of 44 healthy individuals was used as the control group. Results: We observed a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of NAs in the drug abuser group (28.45 ± 17.74 before supplementation vs. 11.18 ± 7.42 at 15 days and 9.11 ± 10.9 at 30 days of supplementation). Specifically, it decreased the frequency of NBUDs, BNs, CC, KX, and PNs (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates a clear improvement in cytogenotoxic damage in drug abusers supplemented with folic acid.

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Genomic Instability in Peripheral Blood and Buccal Mucosal Cells of Marijuana Smokers: The Impact of Tobacco Smoke

Cited by 6 publications

References 32 publications

Genotoxicity of Marijuana in Mono-Users

Genotoxicity of Marijuana in Mono-Users

Cytogenotoxicity effects in addicts with multidrug consumption

Amelioration of Cytogenotoxic Damage in Drug Abusers Supplemented with Folic Acid

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