Genomic Investigation of Salmonella Typhi in Hong Kong Revealing the Predominance of Genotype 3.2.2 and the First Case of an Extensively Drug-Resistant H58 Genotype

Li, Xin; Cao, Huiluo; Chen, Jonathan Hon-Kwan; Ng, Yuen Keng; Fung, Ka-Kin; Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung; Ho, Pak-Leung

doi:10.3390/microorganisms11030667

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Typhi cases linked to contaminated water in a suburban Beijing apartment building, with genomic sequencing again implicating the 4.3.1.1.P1 genotype 40 . In the same month, a case of XDR typhoid caused by genotype 4.3.1.1.P1 was diagnosed in Hong Kong; it is unclear if this case, which did not report any recent travel outside of Hong Kong, has any connection with the Beijing outbreak 41 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the global risk of typhoid outbreaks caused by extensively drug resistant Salmonella Typhi

Walker,

Chaguza,

Grubaugh

et al. 2023

Nat Commun

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Since its emergence in 2016, extensively drug resistant (XDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) has become the dominant cause of typhoid fever in Pakistan. The establishment of sustained XDR S. Typhi transmission in other countries represents a major public health threat. We show that the annual volume of air travel from Pakistan strongly discriminates between countries that have and have not imported XDR S. Typhi in the past, and identify a significant association between air travel volume and the rate of between-country movement of the H58 haplotype of S. Typhi from fitted phylogeographic models. Applying these insights, we analyze flight itinerary data cross-referenced with model-based estimates of typhoid fever incidence to identify the countries at highest risk of importation and sustained onward transmission of XDR S. Typhi. Future outbreaks of XDR typhoid are most likely to occur in countries that can support efficient local S. Typhi transmission and have strong travel links to regions with ongoing XDR typhoid outbreaks (currently Pakistan). Public health activities to track and mitigate the spread of XDR S. Typhi should be prioritized in these countries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the global risk of typhoid outbreaks caused by extensively drug resistant Salmonella Typhi

Walker,

Chaguza,

Grubaugh

et al. 2023

Nat Commun

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“…isolates(Li et al 2023). Additionally, a study conducted in Italy has detected the blaCTX-M-15 gene in XDR-S. Typhi (Procaccianti et al 2020)…”

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confidence: 99%

Exploring the potent antimicrobial activity of manuka honey as against clinically isolated multi-drug resistant and ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella Typhi in septicemia patients: a promising therapeutic option

Bashir,

Rasool,

Shafique

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: The rise of extensively drug-resistant SalmonellaTyphi is a significant concern in clinical settings, particularly among patients with septicemia. These pathogenic eggs were resistant to first and second-line drugs, including ceftriaxone, except azithromycin. Mauka honey serves as a viable alternative treatment choice in combating these diseases. Hence, our main objective is to ascertain the antimicrobial efficacy of manuka honey against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) clinical strains of S. Typhi. Methods: A combined total of 50 MDR and 50 XDR S. Typhi clinical isolates were obtained from patients with septicemia. Following the Bactec blood culture system, the isolates were sub-cultured on blood and MacConkey agar and their biochemical confirmation and susceptibility to different antibiotics was done using the Vitek 2 compact system. The PCR technique was used to amplify the antibiotic-resistance genes. The antibacterial activity of Manuka honey was assessed using the agar well diffusion assay and micro broth dilution assay. Results: All 100 isolates were verified to be S. Typh. Out of the total, 50% of the S. Typhi bacteria were MDR and 50% were XDR. These bacteria were only susceptible to azithromycin and carbapenems. These strains exhibited amplification of H58, gyrA, andgyrB genes, blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM genes. The zone of inhibition for MDR and XDR-S. typhi was shown to range from 15-24mm and 15-23mm, respectively, while using 100% manuka honey. The MDR-S. Typhi 18/50 (36%) strain and XDR-S. Typhi 14/50 (28%) strain was inhibited at a concentration of 3.125 v/v%. Conclusion: Manuka honey could be an alternative option against MDR and XDR S. Typhi.

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Exploring the antimicrobial efficacy of Manuka honey against multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi causing septicemia in Pakistan

Bashir,

Rasool,

Shafique

et al. 2024

Future Microbiology

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Genomic Investigation of Salmonella Typhi in Hong Kong Revealing the Predominance of Genotype 3.2.2 and the First Case of an Extensively Drug-Resistant H58 Genotype

Cited by 4 publications

References 59 publications

Assessing the global risk of typhoid outbreaks caused by extensively drug resistant Salmonella Typhi

Assessing the global risk of typhoid outbreaks caused by extensively drug resistant Salmonella Typhi

Exploring the potent antimicrobial activity of manuka honey as against clinically isolated multi-drug resistant and ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella Typhi in septicemia patients: a promising therapeutic option

Exploring the antimicrobial efficacy of Manuka honey against multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi causing septicemia in Pakistan

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