Genomic organization and expression analysis of Toll-like receptor 3 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Su, Jianguo; Jang, Songhun; Yang, Chunrong; Wang, Yaping; Zhang, Zhu

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2009.06.009

Cited by 57 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Similar results were found for TLR2 [36], TLR5 [37] and TLR9 [38] in fish species and this warrants further investigation. Diversity in TLR gene organization was also reported for TLR1, TLR2, TLR3 and TLR5 within and between teleosts as well as in mammals [22,36,37,39], but it is as yet unclear whether this diversity causes functional differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The GCRV challenge experiments were carried out as described by Su et al slight modifications [22,25]. Briefly, fish were injected intraperitoneally with 1.8 Â 10 7 PFU/g body weight of GCRV strain 991 or 50 ul PBS per gram body weight as control, and non-injected animals were used as blank group.…”

Section: Animals and Gcrv Challenge Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total RNA was incubated with RNase-free DNase I (Roche, Mannheim, Germany) to remove any contaminating genomic DNA before reverse transcription into cDNA using oligo-DT (18) primers and SuperScript Ô III Reverse Transcriptase (Invitrogen). To amplify CiTLR22 and CiTLR3, PCR was performed with gene specific primer sets: STLR22F1 and STLR22R1 and TF192 (forward) and TR193 (reverse), respectively [22] (Supplementary table). For PCR amplification, an initial denaturation step of 3 min at 94 C was used, followed by 25 cycles of denaturation at 94 C for 30 s, annealing at 59 C for 30 s, and an extension at 72 C for 30 s. As a positive control for RT-PCR and to determine the concentration of template, the b-actin gene was amplified using the primer set of SGAF86 (forward) and SGAR87a (reverse) (Supplementary table).…”

Section: Expression Profiles Of Citlr22 and Citlr3 In Tissue And Durimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is an important aquaculture species in China, but tremendous economical loss is often caused by infections with grass carp reovirus (GCRV), a dsRNA virus [22,23]. Preventing this infectious disease is still difficult to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Cloning and characterization of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Toll-like receptor 22 gene, a fish-specific gene

Huang

et al. 2012

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Animals and Gcrv Challenge Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Expression Profiles Of Citlr22 and Citlr3 In Tissue And Durimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cloning and characterization of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Toll-like receptor 22 gene, a fish-specific gene

Huang

et al. 2012

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…TLR3 is one of the most studied TLRs and several homologues have been found and characterized in different fish species, i.e. zebrafish [34] and [35], rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) [36], grass carp [37], common carp [16], rohu (Labeo rohita) [38] and catfish [21]. TLR3 seems to play an important role in the antiviral defense in all vertebrates studies including fish where it has been reported that polymorphisms/haplotypes of Tlr3 in grass carp have significant association with resistance/susceptibility to GCRV [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-Glucan-supplemented diets increase poly(I:C)-induced gene expression of Mx, possibly via Tlr3-mediated recognition mechanism in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Falcó

Miest

Pionnier

et al. 2014

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Highlights•mx expression was stable or slightly up-regulated in carp after β-glucan treatment.•Poly(I:C) markedly increased mx expression in samples from β-glucan fed fish.•Two sequences for carp tlr3 were retrieved (tlr3.1 and tlr3.2) and characterized.•β-Glucan-supplemented diets increased the transcript levels of both tlr3 genes. AbstractWe have previously observed that in common carp (Cyprinus carpio), administration of β-glucan (MacroGard®) as feed additive leads to a lower expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines suggesting that this immunostimulant may be preventing an acute and potentially dangerous response to infection, particularly in the gut. However, in general, mechanisms to detect and eliminate pathogens must also be induced in order to achieve an efficient clearance of the infection. Protection against viral diseases acquired through β-glucan-supplemented feed has been extensively reported for several experimental models in fish but the underlining mechanisms are still unknown. Thus, in order to better characterize the antiviral action induced by β-glucans in fish, MacroGard® was administered daily to common carp in the form of supplemented commercial food pellets. Carp were fed for a period of 25 days prior to intra-peritoneal injection with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), a well-known double-stranded RNA mimic that triggers a type-I interferon (IFN) response. Subsequently, a set of immune related genes, including mx, were analysed by real-time PCR on liver, spleen, head kidney and mid gut tissues. Results obtained confirmed that treatment with β-glucan alone generally down-regulated the mRNA expression of selected cytokines when compared to untreated fish, while mx gene expression remained stable or was slightly up-regulated. Injection with poly(I:C) induced a similar down-regulated gene expression pattern for cytokines in samples from β-glucan fed fish. In contrast, poly(I:C) injection markedly increased mx gene expression in samples from β-glucan fed fish but hardly in samples from © 2014. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ fish fed control feed. In an attempt to explain the high induction of mx, we studied Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) gene expression in these carp. TLR3 is a prototypical pattern recognition receptor considered important for the binding of viral double-stranded RNA and triggering of a type-I IFN response. Through genome data mining, two sequences for carp tlr3 were retrieved (tlr3.1 and tlr3.2) and characterized. Constitutive gene expression of both tlr3.1 and tlr3.2 was detected by real-time PCR in cDNA of all analysed carp organs. Strikingly, 25 days after β-glucan feeding, very high levels of tlr3.1 gene expression were observed in all analysed organs, with the exception of the liver. Our data suggest that β-glucan-mediated protection against viral diseases could be due to an increased Tlr3-mediated recognition of ligands, resulting in an increased antiviral activity of Mx.

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Comprehensive survey and genomic characterization of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus: identification of novel fish TLRs

Quiniou¹,

Boudinot²,

Bengtén³

2013

Immunogenetics

123

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A comprehensive survey of channel catfish Toll-like receptors (TLRs) was undertaken following a genomic PCR approach based on degenerate primers. Twenty different TLRs were identified in channel catfish. Channel catfish TLR sequences were characterized by phylogenetic analysis based on their conserved Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain and by in-depth analysis of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motifs of the ligand binding extracellular domain (ECD). The catfish have representatives of all the TLR types defined in vertebrates with the exception of TLR6, TLR10, TLR11, TLR12, TLR13, TLR15, TLR23, and TLR24. Additionally, two new types were discovered: TLR25 and TLR26. TLR25 is also present in cyprinids, cichlids, plecoglossids, and adrianichthyids, suggesting its presence early in fish evolution. To date, TLR26 was found only in channel catfish. Like TLR18-23, TLR25 and TLR26 were not found in any other vertebrate classes and appear to be fish specific. Data mining using the catfish TLR sequences revealed that in addition to ictalurids and cyprinids, TLR4 is also present in salmonids. TLR19 and TLR20 were both found in ictalurids, cyprinids, and salmonids, demonstrating a wider range than previously known. The LRR structure within ECDs appeared generally well conserved. TLR7 demonstrated a very high identity to human TLR7 strongly suggesting that ligand specificity maybe conserved. Finally, expression profiling confirmed that most TLRs are widely expressed in a diversity of tissues and revealed marked differences of expression level.

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Genomic organization and expression analysis of Toll-like receptor 3 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Cited by 57 publications

References 22 publications

Cloning and characterization of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Toll-like receptor 22 gene, a fish-specific gene

Cloning and characterization of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Toll-like receptor 22 gene, a fish-specific gene

β-Glucan-supplemented diets increase poly(I:C)-induced gene expression of Mx, possibly via Tlr3-mediated recognition mechanism in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Comprehensive survey and genomic characterization of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus: identification of novel fish TLRs

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