Genomic Stability for PCR Detection of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus and Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Poultry Dust Samples Stored Under Different Conditions

Tran, Thi-Nguyen-Ny; Yegoraw, Addisu A.; Assen, Awol M.; Walkden‐Brown, Stephen W.; Gerber, Priscilla F.

doi:10.1637/0005-2086-64.4.565

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In addition, dust has also been shown to be useful for the monitoring of pathogens that are primarily transmitted by feather dander such as Marek's disease virus ( Walkden-Brown et al, 2013 ). Respiratory pathogens such as infectious laryngotracheitis virus ( Ahaduzzaman et al, 2019 ), Newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus ( Tran et al, 2020 ) are detectable in dust samples using PCR although it is not clear whether this represents infective virus from the respiratory tract or inactivated viral nucleic acids present in excreta following passage through the gut ( Bindari et al, 2020 ; Yegoraw et al, 2020 ). It can be expected that pathogens originating in litter material (e.g., litter derived Aspergillus fumigatus ) will also be well represented in dust, however, it should be noted that the proportion of bedding in dust declined to low levels over time as observed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of poultry house dust using chemometrics and scanning electron microscopy imaging

et al. 2021

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Poultry house dust is composed of fine particles which likely originate from a diverse range of materials such as feed, litter, excreta, and feathers. Little is known about the contribution of these sources to broiler house airborne dust so the present study was designed to identify the relative contributions of these sources. Samples of feed, excreta, feather, and bedding, known mixtures of these and settled dust from 28 broiler chicken flocks were tested for the concentration of 18 chemical elements. A chemometrics approach (the application of multivariate statistical techniques to chemical analysis data) was used to identify the primary source material in broiler chicken house dust samples. Scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) was also used to analyze dust sample particulates based on examination of source materials. Excreta was found to be the main component of broiler chicken house dust, both by SEM and chemometric analysis. SEM of experimental flock dust between 7 and 35 days of age ( d ) revealed that the contribution of excreta to dust increased with age from 60% at 7 d to 95% at 28 d ( P < 0.001). The proportion of bedding and feed in dust declined with age while the contribution of feather material remained low throughout. This study demonstrates that excreta provides the bulk of the material in poultry dust samples with bedding material, feed and feather material providing lower proportions. The relative contributions of these materials to dust varies with age of birds at dust collection. Additional research is required to determine the health and diagnostic implications of this variation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of poultry house dust using chemometrics and scanning electron microscopy imaging

et al. 2021

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“…To generate infective dust containing virulent ILTV for use in this experiment, 20 chickens in each of 4 isolators were infected with 10 3 TCID 50 Class 9 at 7 days of age. Dust samples were collected from the isolator exhausts of these isolators as previously described [ 46 ] at 3, 7 and 14 dpe and used to challenge birds in 2 isolators for each dpe by eye-drop application of an aqueous extract of fresh dust or by direct insufflation of fresh dust. Birds were then challenged at 10, 14 and 21 days of age with dust collected at 3, 7 and 14 dpe, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of infectious laryngotracheitis virus vaccine and field strains: the role of degree of contact and transmission by whole blood, plasma and poultry dust

Yegoraw

Assen

Gerber

et al. 2021

Vet Res

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Understanding the mechanisms of transmission of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) is critical to proper control as both vaccine and wild-type strains circulate within chicken flocks with potential adverse consequences. The relative efficiency of transmission by direct contact between chickens and airborne transmission has not been investigated. Furthermore, relatively high levels of ILTV DNA have been detected in poultry dust and blood but the infectivity of these is unknown. In this study, comparison of in-contact and airborne transmission of two vaccine and one field strain of ILTV revealed that all transmitted to 100% of in-contact birds by 6 days post-exposure (dpe). Airborne transmission without contact resulted in 100% transmission by 14 and 17 dpe for the wild-type and Serva vaccine virus but only 27% transmission by 21 dpe for the A20 vaccine virus. The infectivity of dust or extracts of dust and blood or plasma from infected chickens at various stages of infection was assessed by inoculation into susceptible chickens. There was no transmission by any of these materials. In conclusion, direct contact facilitated efficient ILTV transmission but the virus was unable to be transmitted by dust from infected chickens suggestive of a limited role in the epidemiology of ILTV.

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“…Although the farm performance explained the least variation in the bacterial community structure, some bacterial taxa were overrepresented in low or high performing farms and met the 'bacterial signature' criteria (AUC ≥ 0.90, Wilcoxon test q value < 0.05) (Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9; Additional files 11,12,13,14).…”

Section: Bacterial Signatures Of Low and High-performing Farmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dust samples, in particular, are dry, stable and can be shipped at room temperature. A recent study has shown that genomic material of RNA and DNA viruses was stable in poultry dust for at least to 4 months when stored at temperatures up to 37 °C [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial taxa in dust and excreta associated with the productive performance of commercial meat chicken flocks

et al. 2021

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Background A major focus of research on the gut microbiota of poultry has been to define signatures of a healthy gut and identify microbiota components that correlate with feed conversion. However, there is a high variation in individual gut microbiota profiles and their association with performance. Population level samples such as dust and pooled excreta could be useful to investigate bacterial signatures associated with productivity at the flock-level. This study was designed to investigate the bacterial signatures of high and low-performing commercial meat chicken farms in dust and pooled excreta samples. Poultry house dust and fresh pooled excreta were collected at days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 of age from 8 farms of two Australian integrator companies and 389 samples assessed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. The farms were ranked as low (n = 4) or high performers (n = 4) based on feed conversion rate corrected by body weight. Results Permutational analysis of variance based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarities using abundance data for bacterial community structure results showed that company explained the highest variation in the bacterial community structure in excreta (R2 = 0.21, p = 0.001) while age explained the highest variation in the bacterial community structure in dust (R2 = 0.13, p = 0.001). Farm performance explained the least variation in the bacterial community structure in both dust (R2 = 0.03, p = 0.001) and excreta (R2 = 0.01, p = 0.001) samples. However, specific bacterial taxa were found to be associated with high and low performance in both dust and excreta. The bacteria taxa associated with high-performing farms in dust or excreta found in this study were Enterococcus and Candidatus Arthromitus whereas bacterial taxa associated with low-performing farms included Nocardia, Lapillococcus, Brachybacterium, Ruania, Dietzia, Brevibacterium, Jeotgalicoccus, Corynebacterium and Aerococcus. Conclusions Dust and excreta could be useful for investigating bacterial signatures associated with high and low performance in commercial poultry farms. Further studies on a larger number of farms are needed to determine if the bacterial signatures found in this study are reproducible.

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Genomic Stability for PCR Detection of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus and Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Poultry Dust Samples Stored Under Different Conditions

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Characterization of poultry house dust using chemometrics and scanning electron microscopy imaging

Characterization of poultry house dust using chemometrics and scanning electron microscopy imaging

Transmission of infectious laryngotracheitis virus vaccine and field strains: the role of degree of contact and transmission by whole blood, plasma and poultry dust

Microbial taxa in dust and excreta associated with the productive performance of commercial meat chicken flocks

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