Genomic Underground: Unraveling NUMTs in Mole Voles

Abstract

Mitochondrial DNA transfer to the nuclear genome results in the emergence of nuclear DNA sequences of mitochondrial origin (NUMTs), which are recognized as significant factors in genome evolution. This study addresses the gaps in our understanding Ellobius lutescens and Ellobius talpinus mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations, focusing on nuclear mitochondrial DNA segments NUMTs and their impact on evolutionary dynamics and species barcoding. Using advanced assembly techniques, we obtained circularized mtDNA sequences for both species. Detailed genomic analyses explored NUMT abundance, composition, and distribution in relation to repeated elements. Mitochondrial single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were identified in E. lutescens and E. talpinus samples. E. lutescens exhibits unique mtDNA structural features, with a longer and more heavily melted mtDNA compared to other rodents. NUMT analysis revealed species-specific differences, clustering patterns, and repeated element associations. E. talpinus displayed notable SNV coverage variations, suggesting NUMT association. Our findings illuminate the intricate mtDNA variations in mole voles, emphasizing the importance of advanced sequencing for accurate analysis. NUMT complexity poses challenges in evolutionary studies and species barcoding, and requires careful consideration in molecular analyses. This study enhances our understanding of genomic intricacies in these rodents and, contributes valuable insights into their evolutionary dynamics.