Genomics and Proteomics Provide New Insight into the Commensal and Pathogenic Lifestyles of Bovine- and Human-Associated Staphylococcus epidermidis Strains

Abstract

The present study reports comparative genomics and proteomics of Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) strains isolated from bovine intramammary infection (PM221) and human hosts (ATCC12228 and RP62A). Genome-level profiling and protein expression analyses revealed that the bovine strain and the mildly infectious ATCC12228 strain are highly similar. Their genomes share high sequence identity and synteny, and both were predicted to encode the commensal-associated fdr marker gene. In contrast, PM221 was judged to differ from the sepsis-associated virulent human RP62A strain on the basis of distinct protein expression patterns and overall lack of genome synteny. The 2D DIGE and phenotypic analyses suggest that PM221 and ATCC12228 coordinate the TCA cycle activity and the formation of small colony variants in a way that could result in increased viability. Pilot experimental infection studies indicated that although ATCC12228 was able to infect a bovine host, the PM221 strain caused more severe clinical signs. Further investigation revealed strain- and condition-specific differences among surface bound proteins with likely roles in adhesion, biofilm formation, and immunomodulatory functions. Thus, our findings revealed a close link between the bovine and commensal-type human strains and suggest that humans could act as a reservoir of bovine mastitis-causing SE strains.

Biofilm inhibitory efficiency of phytol in combination with cefotaxime against nosocomial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii

“…After completion of the reaction, the height of O 2 forming foams in the test tubes was visually compared (Savijoki et al . ).…”

“…Then, the reactions were mixed and incubated at room temperature for 15 min. After completion of the reaction, the height of O 2 forming foams in the test tubes was visually compared (Savijoki et al 2014).…”

Comparative genome analysis of 24 bovine-associatedStaphylococcusisolates with special focus on the putative virulence genes

“…Although NAS causing bovine mastitis are treated as a group, differences exist between them. Some evidence shows that different NAS species or strains can have diverse effects on the inflammatory response in the udder ( Simojoki et al, 2011 ; Supré et al, 2011 ; Åvall-Jääskeläinen et al, 2013 ; Fry et al, 2014b ; Savijoki et al, 2014 ; Piccart et al, 2016 ).…”

Metabolomics in Sepsis and Its Impact on Public Health

“…In addition, the genomic approach alone has left many questions unanswered such as, for example, what is the role of epigenomics [30], which genes are being activated during the course of a disease, how the host-pathogen interaction changes the expression of certain genes [31, 32], and which gene products are indeed being produced and modified as a response to an insult. [33]. Studies further down from the genome to the phenome, at the level of the epigenome, transcriptome, and proteome, have been, to some extent, successful in complementing and expanding our knowledge of disease pathophysiology [34-39].…”