Genomics of altitude‐associated wing shape in two tropical butterflies

Montejo‐Kovacevich, Gabriela; Salazar, Patricio A.; Smith, Sophie H.; Gavilanes, Kimberly; Bacquet, Caroline; Chan, Yingguang Frank; Jiggins, Chris D.; Meier, Joana I.; Nadeau, Nicola J.

doi:10.1111/mec.16067

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…The two subspecies occasionally hybridize in a narrow transition zone associated with a strong (wet/dry) environmental gradient. Recent work of Montejo‐Kovacevich et al ( 2019 ), Montejo‐Kovacevich et al ( 2022 ), Montejo‐Kovacevich, Salazar, et al ( 2021 ) and Meier et al ( 2021 ) showed the effects of elevation gradient in shaping wing morphology and genetic local adaption in H. erato and H. melpomene . In this context, our study further highlights the role that the environment can play in shaping local populations and contribute to species formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scale‐dependent environmental effects on phenotypic distributions inHeliconiusbutterflies

Martins

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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Identifying the relative importance of different mechanisms responsible for the emergence and maintenance of phenotypic diversity can be challenging, as multiple selective pressures and stochastic events are involved in these processes. Therefore, testing how environmental conditions shape the distribution of phenotypes can offer important insights on local adaptation, divergence, and speciation. The red‐yellow Müllerian mimicry ring of Heliconius butterflies exhibits a wide diversity of color patterns across the Neotropics and is involved in multiple hybrid zones, making it a powerful system to investigate environmental drivers of phenotypic distributions. Using the distantly related Heliconius erato and Heliconius melpomene co‐mimics and a multiscale distribution approach, we investigated whether distinct phenotypes of these species are associated with different environmental conditions. We show that Heliconius red‐yellow phenotypic distribution is strongly driven by environmental gradients (especially thermal and precipitation variables), but that phenotype and environment associations vary with spatial scale. While co‐mimics are usually predicted to occur in similar environments at large spatial scales, patterns at local scales are not always consistent (i.e., different variables are best predictors of phenotypic occurrence in different locations) or congruent (i.e., co‐mimics show distinct associations with environment). We suggest that large‐scale analyses are important for identifying how environmental factors shape broad mimetic phenotypic distributions, but that local studies are essential to understand the context‐dependent biotic, abiotic, and historical mechanisms driving finer‐scale phenotypic transitions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scale‐dependent environmental effects on phenotypic distributions inHeliconiusbutterflies

Martins

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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“…The wing area (WA) was measured by drawing the contour of the forewing, starting and ending at the tegula ( Figure 1 b). After summarizing the relevant literature, we found that the wing loading (WL) and wing aspect ratio (WAR) also have a certain relationship with altitude[ 13 , 57 ]. Since it is difficult to obtain accurate body mass data on parasitoids, the WL was replaced by MEL 3 /WA 2 [ 58 ], and the WAR was evaluated by FL 2 /WA [ 59 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Factors Drive Chalcid Body Size Increases with Altitudinal Gradients for Two Hyper-Diverse Taxa

Kang

Huang

et al. 2023

Insects

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Body size is the most essential feature that significantly correlates with insects’ longevity, fecundity, metabolic rate, and sex ratio. Numerous biogeographical rules have been proposed to illustrate the correlation between the body sizes of different taxa and corresponding geographical or environmental factors. Whether the minute and multifarious chalcids exhibit a similar geographical pattern is still little known. In this research, we analyzed morphological data from 2953 specimens worldwide, including the two most abundant and diverse taxa (Pteromalidae and Eulophidae), which are both composed of field-collected and BOLD system specimens. We examined forewing length as a surrogate of body size and analyzed the average size separately for males and females using two methods (species and assemblage-based method). To verify Bergmann’s rule, we included temperature, precipitation, wind speed and solar radiation as explanatory variables in a generalized linear model to analyze the causes of the size variation. We found that there was an increasing trend in the body size of Pteromalidae and Eulophidae with altitude. The optimal Akaike information criterion (AIC) models showed that larger sizes are significantly negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with precipitation, and the possible reasons for this variation are discussed and analyzed.

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“…However, SNPs in close proximity often exhibit correlated patterns of association due to their nonindependent inheritance (genetic linkage). To leverage this linkage information, recent approaches have aggregated data across multiple adjacent sites through the use of window-based analyses ( 85 , 86 ). These approaches have the advantage of increasing statistical power and improving the signal-to-noise ratio ( 29 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergent genomic signatures of local adaptation across a continental-scale environmental gradient

Moreira

Smith

2023

Sci. Adv.

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Convergent local adaptation offers a glimpse into the role of constraint and stochasticity in adaptive evolution, in particular the extent to which similar genetic mechanisms drive adaptation to common selective forces. Here, we investigated the genomics of local adaptation in two nonsister woodpeckers that are codistributed across an entire continent and exhibit remarkably convergent patterns of geographic variation. We sequenced the genomes of 140 individuals of Downy ( Dryobates pubescens ) and Hairy ( Dryobates villosus ) woodpeckers and used a suite of genomic approaches to identify loci under selection. We showed evidence that convergent genes have been targeted by selection in response to shared environmental pressures, such as temperature and precipitation. Among candidates, we found multiple genes putatively linked to key phenotypic adaptations to climate, including differences in body size (e.g., IGFPB ) and plumage (e.g., MREG ). These results are consistent with genetic constraints limiting the pathways of adaptation to broad climatic gradients, even after genetic backgrounds diverge.

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Genomics of altitude‐associated wing shape in two tropical butterflies

Cited by 11 publications

References 112 publications

Scale‐dependent environmental effects on phenotypic distributions inHeliconiusbutterflies

Scale‐dependent environmental effects on phenotypic distributions inHeliconiusbutterflies

Environmental Factors Drive Chalcid Body Size Increases with Altitudinal Gradients for Two Hyper-Diverse Taxa

Convergent genomic signatures of local adaptation across a continental-scale environmental gradient

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