Genomics of Avian Viral Infections

Smith, Jacqueline

doi:10.3390/genes10100814

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, galliform birds appear to have a more evolutionarily widespread loss than anseriform species. While this fits the general pattern of chicken-specific loss of several immune genes, the reason remains debatable [28,88,89]. Recent studies investigating the transcriptional response to viral infection in birds reveal a complex scenario of alternative pathways that can compensate for lost genes [29,[90][91][92][93].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Concurrent loss of ciliary genesWDR93andCFAP46in phylogenetically distant birds

Girish,

Kurian,

Vijay

2023

Preprint

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The respiratory system is the primary route of infection for many contagious pathogens. Mucociliary clearance of inhaled pathogens is an important innate defense mechanism sustained by the rhythmic movement of epithelial cilia. To counter host defenses, viral pathogens target epithelial cells and cilia. For instance, the influenza virus modulates the expression of WDR93, a central ciliary apparatus C1d projection component. Lineage-specific prevalence of such host defense genes results in differential susceptibility. Our comparative analysis of ~500 vertebrate genomes supports the widespread conservation of WDR93. However, we identified loss of the WDR93 in landfowl, geese, and other phylogenetically-independent bird species. Notably, species with WDR93 loss have concurrently lost another C1d component, CFAP46, through large segmental deletions. Understanding the consequences of such gene loss may provide insight into their role in host-pathogen interactions and benefit global pathogen surveillance efforts by prioritizing species missing host defense genes and identifying putative zoonotic reservoirs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Concurrent loss of ciliary genesWDR93andCFAP46in phylogenetically distant birds

Girish,

Kurian,

Vijay

2023

Preprint

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“…Similarly, galliform birds (highly susceptible to AIV with high mortality) appear to have a more evolutionarily widespread loss of these ciliary genes than anseriform species. While this fits the general pattern of chicken-specific loss of immune genes, the reason remains debatable [30,100,101]. Recent studies investigating the transcriptional response to viral infection in birds reveal a complex scenario of alternative pathways that can compensate for lost genes [31,102–105].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Concurrent loss of ciliary genes WDR93 and CFAP46 in phylogenetically distant birds

Salve,

Kurian,

Vijay

2023

R. Soc. open sci.

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The respiratory system is the primary route of infection for many contagious pathogens. Mucociliary clearance of inhaled pathogens is an important innate defence mechanism sustained by the rhythmic movement of epithelial cilia. To counter host defences, viral pathogens target epithelial cells and cilia. For instance, the avian influenza virus that targets ciliated cells modulates the expression of WDR93 , a central ciliary apparatus C1d projection component. Lineage-specific prevalence of such host defence genes results in differential susceptibility. In this study, the comparative analysis of approximately 500 vertebrate genomes from seven taxonomic classes spanning 73 orders confirms the widespread conservation of WDR93 across these different vertebrate groups. However, we established loss of the WDR93 in landfowl, geese and other phylogenetically independent bird species due to gene-disrupting changes. The lack of WDR93 transcripts in species with gene loss in contrast to its expression in species with an intact gene confirms gene loss. Notably, species with WDR93 loss have concurrently lost another C1d component, CFAP46 , through large segmental deletions. Understanding the consequences of such gene loss may provide insight into their role in host–pathogen interactions and benefit global pathogen surveillance efforts by prioritizing species missing host defence genes and identifying putative zoonotic reservoirs.

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“… 7 Bacterial pathogens such as Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella enteritidis cause health risks from raw poultry products and consequently cause foodborne illness in humans. 8 Viral pathogens causing Newcastle Disease and Marek’s Disease are impactful on both wild birds and the poultry industry 9 and the avian influenza A virus (IAV) creates both animal and public health concerns. 10 GE avian models to investigate disease-resistance are of special interest to the poultry industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome editing of avian species: implications for animal use and welfare

Panda

McGrew

2021

Lab Anim

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Avian species are used as model systems in research and have contributed to ground-breaking concepts in developmental biology, immunology, genetics, virology, cancer and cell biology. The chicken in particular is an important research model and an agricultural animal as a major contributor to animal protein resources for the global population. The development of genome editing methods, including CRISPR/Cas9, to mediate germline engineering of the avian genome will have important applications in biomedical, agricultural and biotechnological activities. Notably, these precise genome editing tools have the potential to enhance avian health and productivity by identifying and validating beneficial genetic variants in bird populations. Here, we present a concise description of the existing methods and current applications of the genome editing tools in bird species, focused on chickens, with attention on animal use and welfare issues for each of the techniques presented.

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Genomics of Avian Viral Infections

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Concurrent loss of ciliary genesWDR93andCFAP46in phylogenetically distant birds

Concurrent loss of ciliary genesWDR93andCFAP46in phylogenetically distant birds

Concurrent loss of ciliary genes WDR93 and CFAP46 in phylogenetically distant birds

Genome editing of avian species: implications for animal use and welfare

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