Genomics ofAspergillus oryzae

Effect of a Late Evening Snack of Amazake in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Pilot Study

“…The Aspergillus oryzae genome consists of eight chromosomes with an entire genome size of 37.6 Mb. The Aspergillus oryzae genome is extremely rich in genes involved in biomass degradation, primary and secondary metabolism, transcriptional regulation, and cell signaling [29]. The Aspergillus oryzae genome contains more genes than the genomes of other species in the genus Aspergillus [28].…”

Scientific Advances with Aspergillus Species that Are Used for Food and Biotech Applications

“…These include the model species A. nidulans 17) , (http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/ fungi/aspergillus/) and N. crassa 18) , A. oryzae 33) (http:// www.aist.go.jp) an important fungus that is used in food fermentations and beverages (in combination with S. cerevisiae), species that cause serious human disease (e.g. Aspergillosis) like A. fumigatus 39) , (http://www.tigr.org/tdb/ e2k1/afu1/) and A. flavus, the animal pathogens Cryptococcus neoformans and Coccidioides immitis and the plant pathogens Magnaporthe grisea, Fusarium graminearum and Ustilago maydis 31) . The genome sequences of A. niger (http:/ /www.dsm.com/dfs/innovation/fungi/aspergillus/) are only available through agreement with companies who have integrated private sequencing projects (Gene Alliance/DSM and Integrated Genomics/Genecore) 2,42) .…”

“…In comparison to S. cerevisiae, the A. oryzae genome is most significantly expanded in genes involved in secondary metabolism, under the suggested metabolic transcription factor Zn(II)2Cys6, and genes involved in as yet unknown functions 31) . In addition, some expansion is evident in A. oryzae genes involved in nuclear structure, defence mechanisms, signal transduction mechanisms and cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis 31) .…”

A Comparison of the Unfolded Protein Response in Solid-State with Submerged Cultures ofAspergillus oryzae

“…To investigate the effects of culture conditions on the UPR, the following UPR-relevant marker genes in A. oryzae were selected to monitor their transcriptional levels during cultivation: (i) the hacA gene [Dogan ID, AO090124000074], encoding transcription activator HACA of the UPR, which is efficiently translated by splicing the unconventional intron of hacA mRNA, resulting in the mature form of HACA; 8,9) (ii) the bipA gene [Dogan ID, AO090003000257], encoding the BiP protein, a chaperone of the HSP70 class that plays an important role in UPR; 9,10) (iii) the pdi gene [Dogan ID, AO090001000733], which codes for a luminal ER enzyme that catalyses the mechanism of disulphide bond formation; 9,11) (iv) the ppi gene [Dogan ID, AO090023000811], which is capable of catalyzing the cis-trans isomerisation of a peptide bond on the N terminal side of proline residues in polypeptides; 9) (v) 18S rRNA [Dogan ID, AO090206r00001], a control of the non-stress responsive gene; (vi) the gpdA gene [Dogan ID, AO090011000414], which is used as endogenous control of the expression level in quantitative real-time PCR.…”