Genomics, Transcriptomics, and Proteomics of SSV1 and Related Fusellovirus: A Minireview

Aulitto, Martina; Martínez-Álvarez, Laura; Fusco, Salvatore; She, Qunxin; Bartolucci, Simonetta; Peng, Xu; Contursi, Patrizia

doi:10.3390/v14102082

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(205 reference statements)

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“…The lemon(spindle) viral morphotype is unique to the domain archaea and is the most abundant particle shape in several hyper-saline ecosystems 27,28 . Surprisingly, LSV-48N is unrelated to previously isolated haloarchaeal lemon-shaped viruses 17,18 , but rather shares several characteristics with fuselloviruses of Thermoproteota (such as SSV1 and SSV2), despite lack of significant sequence similarity, having a circular double stranded genome, causing no cell lysis, and existing both as circular plasmid-like form and as an integrated provirus 21,29 . Furthermore, infection by SSV1 was shown to dampen the induction of CRISPR-Cas systems in Saccharolobus solfataricus similar to what we show for LSV-48N 30 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Furthermore, infection by SSV1 was shown to dampen the induction of CRISPR-Cas systems in Saccharolobus solfataricus similar to what we show for LSV-48N 30 . However, unlike SSV1 that has a “harmonic coexistence” with its host, with only minor effects on host gene expression (unless induced by UV), and little effect on growth 21,29 , LSV-48N causes drastic changes in both host gene expression and growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new archaeal virus that suppresses the transcription of host immunity genes

Turgeman-Grott,

Golan,

Neri

et al. 2024

Preprint

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In some extreme environments, archaeal cells have been shown to have chronic viral infections, and such infections are well-tolerated by the hosts and may potentially protect against more lethal infections by lytic viruses. We have discovered that a natural Haloferax strain (48N), which is closely related to the model organism Haloferax volcanii, is chronically infected by a lemon-shaped virus, which we could purify from the medium. The chronic infection by this virus, which we named LSV-48N, is never cleared, despite the multiple defense systems of the host that include CRISPR-Cas, and two CBASS systems. Curing 48N of its virus by genetic engineering, led to radical changes in the gene expression profile of 48N and a dramatic improvement in its growth rate. Remarkably, the cured 48N is the fastest-growing haloarchaeon reported to date, with a generation time of approximately 1 hour at 45C compared to the typical 2.5 hours of H. volcanii or its infected isogen, and faster than any known haloarchaeon. The virus subverts host defenses by reducing their transcription and interfering with the CRISPR spacer acquisition machinery. Our results suggest that the slow growth of many halophilic archaea could be due to the effects of proviruses within their genomes that consume resources and alter the gene expression of their hosts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new archaeal virus that suppresses the transcription of host immunity genes

Turgeman-Grott,

Golan,

Neri

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…In the case of Fusellovirus, previous studies in Los Azufres reported the presence of viral sequences related to this group that infect archaea, and it is believed that this group has a key role in the gene exchange between archaea populations. As well, the presence of these viruses is common in geothermal environments [50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Metagenome from a Steam Vent in Los Azufres Geothermal Field Shows an Abundance of Thermoplasmatales archaea and Bacteria from the Phyla Actinomycetota and Pseudomonadota

Marín-Paredes,

Bolívar-Torres,

Coronel-Gaytán

et al. 2023

CIMB

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Los Azufres National Park is a geothermal field that has a wide number of thermal manifestations; nevertheless, the microbial communities in many of these environments remain unknown. In this study, a metagenome from a sediment sample from Los Azufres National Park was sequenced. In this metagenome, we found that the microbial diversity corresponds to bacteria (Actinomycetota, Pseudomonadota), archaea (Thermoplasmatales and Candidatus Micrarchaeota and Candidatus Parvarchaeota), eukarya (Cyanidiaceae), and viruses (Fussellovirus and Caudoviricetes). The functional annotation showed genes related to the carbon fixation pathway, sulfur metabolism, genes involved in heat and cold shock, and heavy-metal resistance. From the sediment, it was possible to recover two metagenome-assembled genomes from Ferrimicrobium and Cuniculiplasma. Our results showed that there are a large number of microorganisms in Los Azufres that deserve to be studied.

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