GENOTIPICACIÓN, EVALUACIÓN TOXIGÉNICA in vitro Y SENSIBILIDAD A ANTIBIÓTICOS DE CEPAS DE Escherichia coli AISLADAS DE CASOS DIARREICOS Y FATALES EN ALPACAS NEONATAS.

Luna, E Luis; Maturrano, Lenin; Rivera, G Hermelinda; Zanabria, H Víctor; Rosadio, A Raúl

doi:10.15381/rivep.v23i3.910

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Therefore, BPS could be an important source of pathogens to people. In this context, reports from BPS estimate STEC prevalence between 0.2 and 74% in dairy cattle ( 22 ), over 70% in sheep and goats ( 23 ), and even a 4% in captive wild birds ( 24 ), with several other reports in different animal species with close in-contact with humans ( 25 , 26 ). Information about positivity to STEC in Latin America is scarce, but a report described STEC isolation in alpacas, raised under small farmer condition in Peru ( 25 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Antimicrobial Usage Factors and Resistance Profiles of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Backyard Production Systems From Central Chile

et al. 2021

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Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a zoonotic pathogen and important cause of foodborne disease worldwide. Many animal species in backyard production systems (BPS) harbor STEC, systems characterized by low biosecurity and technification. No information is reported on STEC circulation, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and potential drivers of antimicrobial usage in Chilean BPS, increasing the risk of maintenance and transmission of zoonotic pathogens and AMR generation. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize phenotypic and genotypic AMR and to study the epidemiology of STEC isolated in BPS from Metropolitana region, Chile. A total of 85 BPS were sampled. Minimal inhibitory concentration and whole genome sequencing was assessed in 10 STEC strain isolated from BPS. All strains were cephalexin-resistant (100%, n = 10), and five strains were resistant to chloramphenicol (50%). The most frequent serotype was O113:H21 (40%), followed by O76:H19 (40%), O91:H14 (10%), and O130:H11 (10%). The stx1 type was detected in all isolated strains, while stx2 was only detected in two strains. The Stx subtype most frequently detected was stx1c (80%), followed by stx1a (20%), stx2b (10%), and stx2d (10%). All strains harbored chromosomal blaAmpC. Principal component analysis shows that BPS size, number of cattle, pet and horse, and elevation act as driver of antimicrobial usage. Logistic multivariable regression shows that recognition of diseases in animals (p = 0.038; OR = 9.382; 95% CI: 1.138–77.345), neighboring poultry and/or swine BPS (p = 0.006; OR = 10.564; 95% CI: 1.996–55.894), visit of Veterinary Officials (p = 0.010; OR = 76.178; 95% CI: 2.860–2029.315) and close contact between animal species in the BPS (p = 0.021; OR = 9.030; 95% CI: 1.385–58.888) increase significantly the risk of antimicrobial use in BPS. This is the first evidence of STEC strains circulating in BPS in Chile, exhibiting phenotypic AMR, representing a threat for animal and public health. Additionally, we identified factors acting as drivers for antimicrobial usage in BPS, highlighting the importance of integration of these populations into surveillance and education programs to tackle the potential development of antimicrobial resistance and therefore the risk for ecosystemic health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Antimicrobial Usage Factors and Resistance Profiles of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Backyard Production Systems From Central Chile

et al. 2021

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“…Altos niveles de sensibilidad fueron observados para trimetoprim (98%), gentamicina (95%), fosfomicina (88%), ceftadizima (78%), ciprofloxacino (74%), ceftriazona (72%), oxitetraciclina (63%) y amikacina (59%), coincidiendo con otros estudios de susceptibilidad antibiótica de cepas de E. coli patogénicas y no patogénicas (Luna et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Dependiendo del tipo de infección, los antimicrobianos sulfatrimetoprim, fluoroquinolonas y cefalosporinas de tercera generación se recomiendan generalmente para el tratamiento de infecciones causadas por E. coli no STEC (E. coli productora de toxina shiga) (Thielman y Guerrant, 1999 (Iroha et al, 2012). En uno de los pocos estudios en CSA se reporta que el 80 y 25% de cepas de E. coli aisladas de crías de alpacas con cuadros diarreicos y casos fatales demostraron resistencia a la neomicina y oxitetraciclina, respectivamente (Luna, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Susceptibilidad Antibiótica de Cepas de Escherichia coli en Crías de Alpaca con y sin Diarrea

Barrios-Arpi

Morales

Villacaqui-Ayllón

2016

Rev. investig. vet. Perú

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RESUMENEl estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la susceptibilidad antibiótica de aislados de Escherichia coli en crías de alpaca con y sin diarrea de las comunidades campesinas de la localidad de Lachocc, departamento de Huancavelica, Perú. Se analizaron hisopados rectales de 95 animales con diarrea y de 60 aparentemente sanos de 1 a 2 meses de edad. El 48.4% (46/95) y el 60% (36/60) de las muestras de animales con y sin diarrea fueron positivas al cultivo de E. coli. Estos aislados fueron sensibles a la mayoría de los antibacterianos, especialmente trimetoprim (98%), gentamicina (95%) y fosfomicina (88%). La excepción fue la nitrofurantoína, cuyas cepas mostraron una baja susceptibilidad (8.3%). Palabras clave: E. coli, antibiótico, susceptibilidad, alpaca ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates in neonatal alpacas with and without diarrhea in peasant communities in Lachocc, Huancavelica, Peru. Rectal swabs from alpacas with diarrhoea (n=95) and from apparently normal alpacas (n=60) of 1 to 2 months of age were analysed. The results showed that 48.4% (46/95) and 60% (36/60) of samples from animals with and without diarrhea were positive to E. coli. The isolates were sensitive to most of the antibiotics, especially trimethoprim (98%), gentamicin (95%) and fosfomycin (88%). The exception was nitrofurantoin, whose strains showed low susceptibility (8.3%).

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“…In cattle, the prevalence of STEC O157 is reported to range from 0 to 71%, and in some herds the infection rate is as high as 100% [36]. The prevalence has been described as ranging between 0.2 and 74% in dairy cattle [36,37], as over 70% in sheep and goats [38] and as 4% in captive wild birds [39], with several other reports of its presence in other animal species that have close contact with humans [40,41]. In contrast, the prevalence of S. enterica at the BPS level is reported to range from 3.5% to 31.0% in hens reared under these low-tech production systems [42,43], demonstrating that these animals are not part of any surveillance system in the region.…”

Section: Shiga Toxin-producing E Coli and Salmonella Entericamentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Positivity to Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica in Backyard Production Systems Animals from Metropolitana Region, Chile: A Threat to Public Health?

Pavez-Muñoz

Fernández-Sanhueza

Urzúa-Encina

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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In the Metropolitana region of Chile there are 3836 backyard production systems (BPS), characterized as small-scale systems. They act as a source of zoonotic pathogens, such as Salmonella enterica and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), whose prevalence in BPS has not been fully described. The objective of this study was to determine the positivity for both agents in BPS and to establish the risk factors related to their presence. In each BPS, an epidemiological survey was undertaken, and stool samples were collected to detect these pathogens via bacteriological culture and conventional PCR techniques. Subsequently, multivariable logistic regression models were applied to establish the risk factors associated with their presence. BPS positivity rates of 11.76% for STEC and 4.7% for S. enterica were observed. The systems showed poor welfare standards and a lack of biosecurity measures. The risk factor analysis concluded that the Gini–Simpson index (p = 0.030; OR = 1.717) and the presence of neighboring intensive poultry or swine production systems (p = 0.019; OR = 20.645) act as factors that increased the risk of positivity with respect to STEC. In the case of S. enterica, exchanging embryonated eggs (p = 0.021; OR = 39) and the presence of debeaked chickens (p = 0.001; OR = 156) were determined as factors that increased the risk of positivity for this agent. For positivity with respect to both pathogens, the Gini–Simpson index (p = 0.030; OR = 1.544) and being INDAP/PRODESAL users (p = 0.023; OR = 15.026) were determined as factors that increased the risk, whereas the type of confinement (p = 0.002; OR = 0.019) decreased it. Epidemiological surveillance of these neglected populations is lacking, highlighting the fact that STEC and S. enterica maintenance on BPS represents a potential threat to public health.

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GENOTIPICACIÓN, EVALUACIÓN TOXIGÉNICA in vitro Y SENSIBILIDAD A ANTIBIÓTICOS DE CEPAS DE Escherichia coli AISLADAS DE CASOS DIARREICOS Y FATALES EN ALPACAS NEONATAS.

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Antimicrobial Usage Factors and Resistance Profiles of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Backyard Production Systems From Central Chile

Antimicrobial Usage Factors and Resistance Profiles of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Backyard Production Systems From Central Chile

Susceptibilidad Antibiótica de Cepas de Escherichia coli en Crías de Alpaca con y sin Diarrea

Risk Factors for Positivity to Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica in Backyard Production Systems Animals from Metropolitana Region, Chile: A Threat to Public Health?

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