Genotoxic Activities of Polysaccharides from Cotyledon and Coat of Fermented and Unfermented Annona squamosa L. Seed

Abstract

One way to evaluate the toxicity of natural extracts of medicinal plants is the Allium cepa assay. This in vitro test is very useful as a first-tier analysis of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, because of the simplicity, low relative cost, versatility and minimum laboratory

Screening of Antioxidative and Antiproliferative Activities of Crude Polysaccharides Extracted from Six Different Plants

“…There were significant variations in the percentage of yield and chemical composition of the crude polysaccharides extracted from the plants. Generally, several factors may affect various constituents of plants, including species, plant sources, and other plant-inbuilt qualities that determine the release of different constituents into the solvents [35,36], even under similar laboratory conditions, as was the case in this study. The significant changes observed in the yields of the plant polysaccharides might be explained by different inherent qualities, differences in the source, species, and also various chemical constituents that have the capability of influencing the free release of polysaccharides and associated molecules into the extracting solvents.…”

“…Some of the most commonly used methods for plant polysaccharide extraction include hot water extraction and sonication-assisted extraction methods [4,47,48], including various optimization methods involving parameters such as extraction temperature, time of incubation, waterto-sample ratio, and extraction solvent concentrations, among others [49,50]. The method reported in this study followed the usual protocol of defatting with a non-polar solvent (chloroform in this case) and depigmentation with ethanol, water extraction, and ethanol precipitation [35,36,51,52]. During this study, many of the parameters were optimized, including extraction temperature, time of incubation, water-to-sample ratio, and extraction solvent concentrations.…”

“…Reported methods [35][36][37] were adopted for the polysaccharide preparation with slight modifications. Briefly, the seeds and leaves of Moringa oleifera plants and leaves of Allium sativum were dried separately at 50 • C and pulverized into powder.…”