Genotoxic activity of endocrine disrupting compounds commonly present in paper mill effluents

Balabanič, Damjan; Filipič, Metka; Klemenčić, Aleksandra Krivograd; Žegura, Bojana

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148489

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Genotoxicity studies using a strain of Salmonella Typhimurium have been the subject of research conducted by other research teams [28][29][30]. Studies have shown no direct genotoxic activity of BBzP and DEHP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Genotoxic Activity of Phthalates and Their Metabolites by the UmuC <i>in vitro</i> Assay

Czernych¹,

Chraniuk²,

Wolska³

2023

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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The presented study investigates and compares the genotoxic potential of four commonly used diesters of phthalic acid (phthalates) in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activation by using the SOS/umuC assay on Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 [pSK1002]. Phthalates are plasticizers with a wide range of applications for manufacturing plastic and non-plastic products. Therefore, phthalates are identified as contaminants in a variety of consumer products. The results showed that phthalates did not induce mutations without S9 metabolic activation (with the exception of BBzP). The genotoxic activity was further studied with the S9 metabolic activation. Assessment of the genotoxic potential indicates a significant (p<0,05 for DEP, DBP and BBzP) and highly significant (p<0,01 for DEHP) increase of this potential for each phthalate sample.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Genotoxic Activity of Phthalates and Their Metabolites by the UmuC <i>in vitro</i> Assay

Czernych¹,

Chraniuk²,

Wolska³

2023

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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“…The sixth used the bacterial SOS/umuC assay with a range of concentrations from 1 to 1,000 μg/L in the presence and absence of S9 mix. It also reported negative results (Balabanič et al., 2021 [RefID 224‐G]).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eleven of the 12 studies reported positive results. Three studies on HepG2 cell line yielded both positive (Li et al, 2017b [RefID 4176]; Balabanič et al, 2021 [RefID 224‐G]) and negative (Fic et al., 2013 ) results. In a non‐tumorigenic human prostatic cell line, BPA induced a significant increase in DNA strand breaks paralleled by a decrease in total GSH, antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) and SOD activity and an increase in glutathione reductase (Kose et al, 2020 [RefID 325‐G]).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re‐evaluation of the risks to public health related to the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in foodstuffs

Lambré¹,

Baviera²,

Bolognesi³

et al. 2023

EFS2

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In 2015, EFSA established a temporary tolerable daily intake (t‐TDI) for BPA of 4 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day. In 2016, the European Commission mandated EFSA to re‐evaluate the risks to public health from the presence of BPA in foodstuffs and to establish a tolerable daily intake (TDI). For this re‐evaluation, a pre‐established protocol was used that had undergone public consultation. The CEP Panel concluded that it is Unlikely to Very Unlikely that BPA presents a genotoxic hazard through a direct mechanism. Taking into consideration the evidence from animal data and support from human observational studies, the immune system was identified as most sensitive to BPA exposure. An effect on Th17 cells in mice was identified as the critical effect; these cells are pivotal in cellular immune mechanisms and involved in the development of inflammatory conditions, including autoimmunity and lung inflammation. A reference point (RP) of 8.2 ng/kg bw per day, expressed as human equivalent dose, was identified for the critical effect. Uncertainty analysis assessed a probability of 57–73% that the lowest estimated Benchmark Dose (BMD) for other health effects was below the RP based on Th17 cells. In view of this, the CEP Panel judged that an additional uncertainty factor (UF) of 2 was needed for establishing the TDI. Applying an overall UF of 50 to the RP, a TDI of 0.2 ng BPA/kg bw per day was established. Comparison of this TDI with the dietary exposure estimates from the 2015 EFSA opinion showed that both the mean and the 95th percentile dietary exposures in all age groups exceeded the TDI by two to three orders of magnitude. Even considering the uncertainty in the exposure assessment, the exceedance being so large, the CEP Panel concluded that there is a health concern from dietary BPA exposure.

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“…The single toxicities of BPA and heavy metals have been well studied. BPA is not only well–known as an endocrine disrupter, but it also exhibits genotoxic activity [ 12 ] and reproductive [ 13 , 14 ], nervous [ 15 , 16 ], developmental [ 17 , 18 ], and immune toxicity [ 19 , 20 ]. Heavy metals can accumulate in the human body because of their long half–life, which results in diseases in target organs, such as the brain, kidney, and liver.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Binary Mixtures of Bisphenol A and Heavy Metals

Liao

Zheng

et al. 2022

Toxics

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Bisphenol A (BPA) and heavy metals are widespread contaminants in the environment. However, the combined toxicities of these contaminants are still unknown. In this study, the bioluminescent bacteria Vibrio qinghaiensis Q67 was used to detect the single and combined toxicities of BPA and heavy metals, then the joint effects of these contaminants were evaluated. The results show that chronic toxicities of chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and BPA were time–dependent; in fact, the acute toxicities of these contaminants were stronger than the chronic toxicities. Furthermore, the combined toxicities of BPA and heavy metals displayed BPA + Hg > BPA + Cr > BPA + As > BPA + Ni > BPA + Pb > BPA + Cd in the acute test and BPA + Hg > BPA + Cd > BPA + As > BPA + Cd in the chronic test, which suggested that the combined toxicity of BPA and Hg was stronger than that of other mixtures in acute as well as chronic tests. Additionally, both CA and IA models underestimated the toxicities of mixtures at low concentrations but overestimated them at high concentrations, which indicates that CA and IA models were not suitable to predict the toxicities of mixtures of BPA and heavy metals. Moreover, the joint effects of BPA and heavy metals mainly showed antagonism and additive in the context of acute exposure but synergism and additive in the context of chronic exposure. Indeed, the difference in the joint effects on acute and chronic exposure can be explained by the possibility that mixtures inhibited cell growth and luminescence in chronic cultivation. The chronic toxicity of the mixture should be considered if the mixture results in the inhibition of the growth of cells.

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Genotoxic activity of endocrine disrupting compounds commonly present in paper mill effluents

Cited by 23 publications

References 58 publications

Characterization of Genotoxic Activity of Phthalates and Their Metabolites by the UmuC <i>in vitro</i> Assay

Characterization of Genotoxic Activity of Phthalates and Their Metabolites by the UmuC <i>in vitro</i> Assay

Re‐evaluation of the risks to public health related to the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in foodstuffs

Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Binary Mixtures of Bisphenol A and Heavy Metals

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