Genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of amygdalin on isolated human lymphocytes by the comet assay

Erikel, Esra; Yüzbaşıoğlu, Deniz; Ünal, Fatma

doi:10.1111/jfbc.13436

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In some other studies, vitamin B17 (amygdalin) alone did not induce DNA damage in mouse tissues (or organs), on the contrary, it significantly reduced the DNA damage enhanced by Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in pre‐ and simultaneous treatments (El‐Masry et al, 2020; Mutar et al, 2020; Tousson et al, 2020). Also, in our previous study, while amygdalin alone did not induce DNA damage, it exhibited antigenotoxic activity against H 2 O 2 ‐induced genotoxic effects at all the tested concentrations (0.86–13.75 μg/mL) and administration protocols on isolated human lymphocytes in vitro (Erikel et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

A study on Amygdalin's genotoxicological safety and modulatory activity in human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro

Erikel

Yüzbaşıoğlu

Ünal

2023

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Amygdalin (AMY), a plant secondary metabolite containing nitrile, is a major component of the seeds of Rosaceae family plants. It is known that this compound has many pharmacological activities such as cancer prevention, antipyretic, and cough suppressant. In this study, the genotoxic and modulatory effects of amygdalin were assessed by chromosomal aberration (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and cytokinesis‐block micronucleus assay (CBMN) assays using human peripheral lymphocytes (HPLs) in the absence and presence of metabolic activator (S9 mix). Lymphocytes were exposed to various concentrations of amygdalin (0.86, 1.72, 3.43, 6.86, and 13.75 μg/mL) alone and in combination with mitomycin‐C (MMC, 0.20 μg/mL) or cyclophosphamide (CP, 12 μg/mL). The mitotic index (MI), replication index (RI), cytokinesis‐block proliferation index (CBPI), and cytostasis were also evaluated to determine cytotoxicity. Amygdalin alone did not exhibit genotoxic and cytotoxic effects at all the tested concentrations both in the absence and presence of the S9 mix. In contrast, amygdalin significantly reduced the frequencies of CA (especially at 48 h treatments), SCE, and MN (except 0.86 μg/mL in pre‐ and simultaneous treatment) induced by MMC in all the tested concentrations and treatment protocols. It has also considerably decreased CP‐induced CA and SCE frequencies at all the concentrations (except 0.86 μg/mL) in simultaneous treatment. This study demonstrated that amygdalin alone was not genotoxic, on the contrary, it has revealed modulatory effects against chemotherapy agents that induced genomic damage in human lymphocytes, suggesting its chemopreventive potential.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

A study on Amygdalin's genotoxicological safety and modulatory activity in human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro

Erikel

Yüzbaşıoğlu

Ünal

2023

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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“…In vitro studies using the comet test examined amygdalin’s genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects on human peripheral blood cells. Antigenotoxic activity against oxidatively damaged DNA and antioxidant effects on human lymphocytes demonstrated by Erikel et al [ 138 ] suggest that amygdalin is not genotoxic.…”

Section: Toxicological Effects Of Amygdalinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amygdalin: A Review on Its Characteristics, Antioxidant Potential, Gastrointestinal Microbiota Intervention, Anticancer Therapeutic and Mechanisms, Toxicity, and Encapsulation

et al. 2022

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Bioactive amygdalin, found in high concentrations in bitter almonds, has been recognized as a symbol of the cyanogenic glycoside chemical organic substance, which was initially developed as a pharmaceutical for treating cancer after being hydrolyzed to hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Regrettably, research has shown that HCN can also damage normal cells, rendering it non-toxic to the human body. Extreme controversy surrounds both in vivo and in vitro studies, making its use risky. This review provides an extensive update on characteristics, antioxidant potential, gastrointestinal microbiota intervention, anticancer therapeutic, mechanisms, toxicity, and encapsulation of amygdalin. Antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-fibrotic, antiatherosclerosis, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and analgesic characteristics, and the ability to improve digestive and reproductive systems, neurodegeneration, and cardiac hypertrophy are just some of the benefits of amygdalin. Studies verified the HCN-produced amygdalin to be harmful orally, but only at very high doses. Although intravenous treatment was less effective than the oral method, the oral route has a dose range of 0.6 to 1 g daily. Amygdalin’s toxicity depends heavily on the variety of bacteria in the digestive tract. Unfortunately, there is currently no foolproof method for determining the microbial consortium and providing a safe oral dosage for every patient. Amygdalin encapsulation in alginate-chitosan nanoparticles (ACNPs) is a relatively new area of research. Amygdalin has an enhanced cytotoxic effect on malignant cells, and ACNPs can be employed as an active drug-delivery system to release this compound in a regulated, sustained manner without causing any harm to healthy cells or tissues. In conclusion, a large area of research for a substance that might be the next step in cancer therapy is opened up due to unverified and conflicting data.

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“…Further, this assay is currently an accepted method for use in human biomonitoring studies according to the FDA and World Health Organization (WHO) (Singh, 2016; Unal et al, 2022). Therefore, it is preferred as the most common technique for the genotoxic effect of different types of agents in recent years (Collins, 2014; Erikel et al, 2020; Kryston et al, 2011; Mamur et al, 2022; Møller, 2018; Schmeiser et al, 2019; Singh et al, 1988; Speit et al, 2009; Wahab et al, 2018).…”

Section: Genotoxicity Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular toxicities of gadolinium‐based contrast agents used in magnetic resonance imaging

Akbas

Ünal

Yüzbaşıoğlu

2022

J of Applied Toxicology

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Contrast agents have been used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a radiological method. Gadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCAs), because of their paramagnetic characteristics, are the ones mostly used in MRI to increase signal intensity. However, the use of contrast media has raised concerns on cellular toxic risks of these agents. Studies showed the accumulation of gadolinium after injection to humans with or without renal impairment. Also, there are findings obtained under in vitro and/or in vivo conditions that revealed conflicting results for their cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. Some of them declared damage in cells and genetic material; some others did not. Abnormal cell growth and genetic aberration are critical because they may lead to carcinogenesis in somatic cells or may be transferred to the next generations through germ cells. Therefore, understanding the effect of GBCAs on cells is important for their safer usage in clinical administrations to generate high‐quality contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance images. Because of all these reasons, cellular toxicities—mainly genotoxic and cytotoxic effects—of GBCAs were reviewed in this paper.

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Genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of amygdalin on isolated human lymphocytes by the comet assay

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

A study on Amygdalin's genotoxicological safety and modulatory activity in human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro

A study on Amygdalin's genotoxicological safety and modulatory activity in human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro

Amygdalin: A Review on Its Characteristics, Antioxidant Potential, Gastrointestinal Microbiota Intervention, Anticancer Therapeutic and Mechanisms, Toxicity, and Encapsulation

Cellular toxicities of gadolinium‐based contrast agents used in magnetic resonance imaging

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