Genotoxic Effect of Dye Effluents in Chromosomes of Indigenous Goats (Capra hircus)

Abstract

SummaryThe genotoxic effect of dye effluents was assessed in indigenous goats inhabiting textile industry areas encompassing dyeing and bleaching units by means of mitotic drive, mitotic index, chromosome aberrations and the mean SCEs frequency. Peripheral blood leucocyte cultures were set up with culture medium and pokeweed mitogen. The cultures were supplemented without bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for chromosome aberrations and with BrdU for the mean SCEs frequency for 2 cell cycles. Air-dried slides were stained with Giemsa for chromosome aberrations and the fluorescent plus Giemsa (FPG) technique was adopted for the display of sister chromatid differentiation and the estimation of the mean SCEs frequency. No gross structural and numerical chromosome abnormalities were noticed in all animals screened based on G-banding and karyotyping. The mitotic drive for the control and exposed populations was 37.58 1.29 and 26.13 0.78%, respectively. The mitotic drive in exposed population was significantly ( p 0.01) lower when compared to control animals. The mitotic index for the control and exposed populations was 12.49 0.42 and 11.49 0.43%, respectively. Though there was a decrease in mitotic index in the exposed population, it was not statistically significant. The frequency of SCEs did not follow the Poisson distribution in both the control and exposed populations of goats. The pooled mean S.E (range) of SCEs frequency for the control and exposed populations of goats were 4.83 0.16 (1-11) and 12.98 0.16 (8-19), respectively. There was significant ( p 0.01) increase in the mean SCEs frequency of goats (exposed) reared in industrial areas. The number of SCEs in chromosome 1 was significantly ( p 0.05) higher than that expected from relative chromosomal length.