Genotoxic effects of crude juices from Brassica vegetables and juices and extracts from phytopharmaceutical preparations and spices of cruciferous plants origin in bacterial and mammalian cells

Kassie, Fekadu; Parzefall, Wolfram; Musk, S. R. R.; Johnson, Ian T.; Lamprecht, Günther; Sontag, Gerhard; Knasmüller, Siegfried

doi:10.1016/0009-2797(96)03728-3

Cited by 122 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Recent investigations have revealed that many plants used as food or in traditional medicine have cytotoxic, mutagenic and genotoxic properties (Kassie et al, 1996;Askin and Aslanturk, 2007). In this study, the CC 50 of the extract was estimated to be 26.3 µg/mL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and toxicological evaluation of whole plant extracts of the medicinal plant Phyllanthus niruri (Phyllanthaceae)

Asare¹,

Bugyei²,

Sittie³

et al. 2012

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Phyllanthus niruri is a medicinal plant (commonly known as stone breaker) found in the tropics and other parts of the world. It is known for its capacity to block the formation of calcium oxalate crystals and kidney stone formation in urolithiasis. This plant has been used to treat hyperglycemia, hypertension, pain, and mild cases of malaria. We examined the geno-, cyto-and overall toxicity of P. niruri whole plant ethanolic extract. The extract was administered as a single dose of 30 or 300 mg/kg to laboratory rats by gavage, accompanied by negative (0.9% saline) and positive (10 mg/mL N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea) controls that were injected intramuscularly 48 h after extract administration. The ratio of polychromatic (PCE)/normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) from femur bone marrow was scored for genotoxicity. Cytotoxicity was determined using descending concentrations (0.2-0.0125 g/mL) of the extract incubated with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Phyllanthus niruri geno-and cytotoxicity Lactate dehydrogenase release from damaged cells was determined and the CC 50 calculated. Subchronic administration of the extract at 30 or 300 mg/kg was done for 90 days to determine general toxicity. PCE:NCE (%) for the extract and negative control was 63, compared to 168 (positive control). The CC 50 was 26.3 mg/mL and hepato-renal toxicity after subchronic extract administration was nil. We conclude that ethanol extract of P. niruri is not cytotoxic or genotoxic, and is generally non-toxic on subchronic administration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and toxicological evaluation of whole plant extracts of the medicinal plant Phyllanthus niruri (Phyllanthaceae)

Asare¹,

Bugyei²,

Sittie³

et al. 2012

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…This higher adenoma risk with a low capacity GST variant could directly reflect the slower processing of genotoxic compounds associated with cruciferous vegetable intake. The genotoxicity of glucosinolate breakdown products is supported by bacterial and cell assays (42,43). In humans, however, it is believed that a variety of mechanisms operate to prevent the genotoxic effects observed in vitro and that toxicity may therefore occur only at exposure doses exceeding human intake 100-fold (44).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GSTP1 and GSTA1 Polymorphisms Interact with Cruciferous Vegetable Intake in Colorectal Adenoma Risk

Tijhuis¹,

Wark²,

Aarts

et al. 2005

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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The possible interplay between cruciferous vegetable consumption, functional genetic variations in glutathione S-transferases (GST) M1, T1, P1, and A1, and colorectal adenomas, was investigated in a Dutch case-control study. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms, and the single nucleotide polymorphisms in GSTP1 (A313G) and in GSTA1 (C-69T) were assessed among 746 cases who developed colorectal adenomas and 698 endoscopy-based controls without any type of colorectal polyps. High and low cruciferous vegetable consumption was defined based on a median split in the control group. High consumption was slightly positively associated with colorectal adenomas [odds ratio (OR) 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.92-1.44]. For GSTP1, a positive association with higher cruciferous vegetable intake was only apparent in individuals with the low-activity GSTP1 genotype (GG genotype, OR 1.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-3.69). This interaction was more pronounced in men, with higher age and with higher meat intake. The GSTA1 polymorphism may have a modifying role as well: the OR for higher intake compared with lower intake was 1.57 (0.93-2.65) for individuals homozygous for the low expression variant (TT genotype). This seemed to be stronger with younger age and higher red meat intake. Cruciferous vegetable consumption and the combined GSTA1 and GSTP1 genotypes showed a statistically significant interaction (P = 0.034). The GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes did not seem to modify the association between cruciferous vegetable intake and colorectal adenomas. In conclusion, GSTP1 and GSTA1 genotypes might modulate the association between cruciferous vegetable intake and colorectal adenomas. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005;14(12):2943 -51)

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“…The benefits of vegetables and fruits not withstanding however, recent investigations have revealed that many plants used as food or in traditional medicine have mutagenic, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in in vitro and in vivo assays (Higashimoto et al, 1993;Schimmer et al, 1994;Kassie et al, 1996;Çelik & Aslantürk, 2007). Medicinal herbs have also been shown to cause adverse effects or have the potential to interact with other medications (Zink & Chaffin, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Mutagen-Induced Genotoxicity by two Lesotho Medicinal Plants in Allium cepa L

Asita¹,

Heisi²,

Tjale³

2015

ENRR

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Methanolic extracts (mg mL -1 ) of Dicoma anomala (0.0625, 0.125, 0.25), Chenopodium album (0.078, 0.156, 0.313), used in traditional medicine in Lesotho, and Camellia sinensis (0.1094, 0.2085, 0.44) were assessed for cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and modulation of Cyclophosphamide (CP 1.25 mg mL -1 ) -and EMS (0.25 mg mL -1 )-induced genotoxicity using the Allium cepa assay following 24 hours treatment. Cytotoxicity was measured by the mitotic index (MI). Genotoxicity (GT) was expressed as the number of aberrant mitotic cells per 100 mitotic cells. The MI and GT of test groups (triplicates), were compared with the negative (water) control group using t-test. Modulatory effect (ME) was calculated as, ME(%) = (1-(A-B)/(A-C) × 100) -1. A positive ME indicated an increase (synergism or potentiation) while a negative ME indicated a reduction (anti-genotoxicity) of mutagen-induced genotoxicity. The concentrations of D. anomala extract were cytotoxic and genotoxic. Mixtures of CP or EMS with the lower concentrations of D. anomala extract were more genotoxic than CP (250.50% increase) or EMS (149.74 and 157.37 % increase) or extracts alone. Only 0.313 mg mL -1 of C. album extract was cytotoxic but none of the three concentrations was genotoxic. Mixtures of CP with extracts of C.album were cytotoxic. CP-induced genotoxicity was reduced (55.18, 68.36, 57.40 %) and EMS-induced genotoxicity was also reduced by low concentrations (50.72, 61.13 %) of C.album extract. However, 0.313 mg mL -1 C. album extract increased (236.75%) EMS-induced genotoxicity. C. sinensis extracts and their mixtures with CP were not cytotoxic or genotoxic. CP-induced genotoxicity was reduced (63.61, 66.62, 78.64 %) but EMS-induced genotoxicity was increased (124.97, 4.48, 110.52 %) by C. sinensis extract.

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Genotoxic effects of crude juices from Brassica vegetables and juices and extracts from phytopharmaceutical preparations and spices of cruciferous plants origin in bacterial and mammalian cells

Cited by 122 publications

References 20 publications

Genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and toxicological evaluation of whole plant extracts of the medicinal plant Phyllanthus niruri (Phyllanthaceae)

Genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and toxicological evaluation of whole plant extracts of the medicinal plant Phyllanthus niruri (Phyllanthaceae)

GSTP1 and GSTA1 Polymorphisms Interact with Cruciferous Vegetable Intake in Colorectal Adenoma Risk

Modulation of Mutagen-Induced Genotoxicity by two Lesotho Medicinal Plants in Allium cepa L

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