Genotoxic effects of heavy metal cadmium on growth, biochemical, cyto-physiological parameters and detection of DNA polymorphism by RAPD in Capsicum annuum L. – An important spice crop of India

Abstract

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of cadmium (Cd) on biochemical, physiological and cytological parameters of Capsicum annuum L. treated with five different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 ppm) of the metal. Shoot-root length, pigment and protein content showed a continuous decrease with increasing Cd concentrations and the maximal decline was observed at the higher concentration. Proline content was found to be increased upto 60 ppm while at higher concentrations it gradually decreased. MDA content and chromosomal aberrations increased as the concentration increased. Additionally Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used for the detection of genotoxicity induced by Cd. A total of 184 bands (62 polymorphic and 122 monomorphic) were generated in 5 different concentrations with 10 primers where primer OPA-02 generated the highest percentage of polymorphism (52.63%). Dendrogram showed that control, R1 and R2 showed similar cluster and R4 and R5 grouped with R3 into one cluster, which showed that plants from higher doses showed much difference than the plants selected at mild doses which resemble control at the DNA level. This investigation showed that RAPD marker is a useful tool for evaluation of genetic diversity and relationship among different metal concentrations.

Salicylic acid triggers adaptation cadmium cytogenetic toxicity in roots of Nigella sativa L.

“…This effect a time and a dose dependent. Similar effects of cadmium on the MI were reported in different plants such as in Lactuca sativa, Eruca sativa and Coriaudrum sativum (El-Ghamery et al, 2001), Phaseolus vulgaris (Çavusoğlu et al, 2009), in Lens culinaris (Kiran & Şahin, 2006), Pisum sativum (Fusconi et al, 2007), Triticum aestivum ( Bezrukova et al, 2016), Capsicum annuum (Aslam et al, 2014), Vigna radiatae (Munee et al, 2011), Vigna unguiculata (Thangaraja et al, 2013) Vicia faba (Li & Zheng, 1992;George, 2000;ElAshry et al, 2012 andArya &Mukherjea 2014), in Allium cepa (Zou et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2014and Nataliya, 2015 and Hordeum vulgare (Shi et al, 2017). The decline of MI suggested that the Cd could prevent cells from going into cell division (Unyayar et al, 2006).…”

“…Different types of mitotic abnormalities were observed in Nigella sativa L root tip cells after treatments with CdCl 2 . The variation in the percentages of chromosomal aberration in this study was recorded and the total abnormalities previously rapidly by increasing the concentration (El-Ashry et al, 2012;Zou et al, 2012;Thangaraja et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2014 andAslam et al, 2014;Nataliya, 2015;Bezrukova et al, 2016 andShi et al, 2017). In Nigella sativa L these types were: Irregular prophase, stickiness at different phases, disturbed metaphase, C-metaphase, bridges, forward chromosome and lagging in addition to other types recorded in low frequency in some treatments such as bi-nucleated cells and micronucleus.…”

“…Of these types of aberrations, stickiness, as a most frequent type, was recorded in the different mitotic phases in root tip cells of tested plant treated with CdCl 2 . This type of abnormality was recorded by many investigators following the treatment of different plants by cadmium (Zou et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2014 andAslam et al, 2014 andBezrukova et al, 2016).…”

“…Cadmium may limit plant growth and induce numerous physiological and metabolic disturbances, both at the whole plant and cellular levels. It is well documented that Cd exposure, for example, can cause growth inhibition related to reduction of mitotic activity, induction of chromosome disorders and nuclear abnormalities in the apical meristems (Liu et al, 2003(Liu et al, /2004Unyayar et al, 2006;Zhang et al, 2009;Qin et al, 2010;Aslam et al, 2014 andWang et al, 2014). Cd was found to decrease the mitotic index (MI) and induced chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus (MN) formation (El-Ghamery et al, 2001;Aslam et al, 2014and Wang et al, 2014.…”

Growth, survival, and heavy metal (Cd and Ni) uptake of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and fenugreek (Trigonella corniculata) in a biochar‐amended sewage‐irrigated contaminated soil

“…Heavy metal toxicity is known to increase MDA contents in plant tissues of many plant species ( Hussain et al, 2013; Aslam et al, 2014). Our results show that biochar treatments (3% and 5%) significantly reduce the MDA contents in both spinach and fenugreek (Fig.…”